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CRC Press eBooks

Secrecy Outage Performance in Free Space Optical Communication Links

Aanchal Gupta, Divya Dhawan, Neena Gupta

Published May 28, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Free space optical (FSO) communication is widely used wireless type of communication, which is highly advantageous as it offers huge capacity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and low deployment cost. FSO systems are vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks due to the miniaturization and lightweight of optical devices used for detection. Therefore, secure communication of FSO systems remains a challenging task. In order to overcome this problem, secrecy outage probability (SOP) is analyzed in this study. A system model is presented comprising a transmitter and receiver, Alice and Bob and a malicious eavesdropper, Eve. Simulation results are demonstrated which reveal that for a fixed value of Eve’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the SOP decreases with increasing values of Bob’s SNR. In addition, it is shown that increasing the values of coupling parameter deteriorates the SOP performance.

DOI
10.1201/9781032665443-21

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Free space optical (FSO) communication is widely used wireless type of communication, which is highly advantageous as it offers huge capacity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and low deployment cost. FSO systems are vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks due to the miniaturization and lightweight of optical devices used for detection. Therefore, secure communication of FSO systems remains a challenging task. In order to overcome this problem, secrecy outage probability (SOP) is analyzed in this study. A system model is presented comprising a transmitter and receiver, Alice and Bob and a malicious eavesdropper, Eve. Simulation results are demonstrated which reveal that for a fixed value of Eve’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the SOP decreases with increasing values of Bob’s SNR. In addition, it is shown that increasing the values of coupling parameter deteriorates the SOP performance.
In this paper, we numerically study the secrecy performance of the free-space optical (FSO) system by considering different eavesdropping scenarios. More precisely, we considered three possible eavesdropping scenarios for Eve : 1) Eve is between Alice and Bob ; 2) Eve and Bob are in the same receiving plane; 3) Eve is behind Bob . We adopt the Málaga ( M )-distribution channel to model atmospheric turbulence due to the presence of link blockage while considering the non-zero boresight pointing error and path loss. To do so, we obtain a novel probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) under different eavesdropping scenarios, based on which we derived the secrecy outage probability (SOP) analytical expressions as well as their asymptotic expressions at a high SNR regime. We verified the results using Monte Carlo simulations, which showed that the parameters related to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, as well as the location of the eavesdropper, have different effects on different eavesdropping scenarios.
In this paper, we analyze the secrecy outage performance for more realistic eavesdropping scenario of free-space optical (FSO) communications, where the main and wiretap links are correlated. The FSO fading channels are modeled by the well-known Málaga distribution. Exact expressions for the secrecy performance metrics such as secrecy outage probability (SOP) and probability of the non zero secrecy capacity (PNZSC) are derived, and asymptotic analysis on the SOP is also conducted. The obtained results reveal useful insights on the effect of channel correlation on FSO communications. Counterintuitively, it is found that the secrecy outage performance demonstrates a non-monotonic behavior with the increase of correlation. More specifically, there is an SNR penalty for achieving a target SOP as the correlation increases within some range. However, when the correlation is further increased beyond some threshold, the SOP performance improves significantly.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of the physical layer security (PLS) of the hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) communication system is analyzed. The transmission protocol of the considered system is performed under the eavesdropper's attempt to overhear the RF link between the transmitter and legitimate receiver of the hybrid system. The FSO link is characterized by Málaga-M distribution while the RF links are modeled by Nakagami-m distribution. The two practical eavesdropping modes considered in this paper include: colluding and non-colluding. Exact closed-form expressions for the system's secrecy outage probability (SOP), the asymptotic of the SOP (SOP∞), the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), the average secrecy capacity (ASC), and the asymptotic of the ASC (ASC∞), are specifically derived under the influence of both eavesdropper modes. Our derived analytical expressions present an efficient tool to investigate the impact of some channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely the fading severity of the RF links, atmospheric turbulence severity, pointing error of the FSO link, number of eavesdroppers, and the power of the eavesdropper links. The results show that the increase of the eavesdroppers' number under both modes profoundly degrades the considered system secrecy performance. The accuracy of the numerical results obtained is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.
In this paper, we analyze the secrecy outage performance for more realistic eavesdropping scenario of free-space optical (FSO) communications, where the main and wiretap links are correlated. The FSO fading channels are modeled by the well-known Málaga distribution. Exact expressions for the secrecy performance metrics such as secrecy outage probability (SOP) and probability of the non zero secrecy capacity (PNZSC) are derived, and asymptotic analysis on the SOP is also conducted. The obtained results reveal useful insights on the effect of channel correlation on FSO communications. Counterintuitively, it is found that the secrecy outage performance demonstrates a non-monotonic behavior with the increase of correlation. More specifically, there is an SNR penalty for achieving a target SOP as the correlation increases within some range. However, when the correlation is further increased beyond some threshold, the SOP performance improves significantly.
We analyze the secrecy outage performance of a mixed radio frequency-free space optical (RF-FSO) transmission system with imperfect channel state information (CSI). We deal with a single-input multiple-output wiretap model, where a base station (works as the relay) forwards the signal transmitted from a user (source) to a data center (works as the destination), while an eavesdropper wiretaps the confidential information by decoding the received signal. Both the relay and the eavesdropper are armed with multiple antennas, and maximal ratio combining scheme is utilized to improve the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The effects of imperfect CSI of the RF link and the FSO link, misalignment, detection schemes, and relaying schemes on the secrecy outage performance of mixed RF-FSO systems are studied. First, the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of FSO links with pointing error and two different detection technologies are derived. Then, we derive the closed-form expressions for the lower bound of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) with fixed-gain relaying and variable-gain relaying schemes. Furthermore, asymptotic results for the SOP are investigated by exploiting the unfolding of Meijer's G-function when the electrical SNR of FSO link approaches infinity. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to corroborate the correctness of the analysis.
In this article, we study the physical layer security of free-space optical (FSO) communications under different eavesdropping scenarios. More specifically, the secrecy performance of FSO communication employing intensity modulation/direct detection detection is analyzed for the well-established Málaga channels. Three different realistic scenarios of eavesdropping are considered by assuming different placement locations for the eavesdropper in the paper. Novel expressions for the average secrecy capacity (ASC) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived for the considered scenarios, and useful insights are also provided through asymptotic analysis. The results show: (1) When the eavesdropper is placed near the transmitter, atmospheric condition imposes a less significant impact on secrecy performance; (2) Certain level of correlation can potentially enhance the secrecy performance for FSO communications; (3) The correlation imposes opposite impacts on the ASC and SOP of FSO communications; and the secrecy performance metrics exhibit a non-monotonic impact with the increase of correlation; (5) When the correlation of the FSO links is too small or too large (i.e., the correlation parameter around 0 or 1), the correlation plays a more significant impact on secrecy performance; and (6) The asymptotic slope of the SOP is 0.5 for all eavesdropping scenarios under practical FSO channels.