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Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies

Post-Quantum Cryptography Key Exchange to Extend a High-Security QKD Platform into the Mobile 5G/6G Networks

Ronny Döring, Marc Geitz, Ralf-Peter Braun

Published Jan 1, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-59619-3_13

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Abstract: This study advances a unifying systems perspective on quantum-safe network security by synthesizing recent progress in quantum cryptography with practical integration patterns across carrier-grade infrastructures. Concept analysis distinguishes the roles of quantum key distribution (QKD), device-independent variants, quantum authentication, and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) within zero-trust architectures. Building on this, a layered framework—spanning physical/entanglement resources, key management, crypto-agility, control plane orchestration, and policy/compliance—is articulated to support end-to-end, composable guarantees. The problem addressed is the realization of verifiable, quantum-resilient security under operational constraints involving latency, key-rate variability, and heterogeneous trust assumptions. Methodology combines a structured literature synthesis with formal composability mapping to universal composability principles, adversarial threat modeling for quantum-enabled attackers, and testbed/simulation evaluation of hybrid QKD–PQC pipelines across L2–L3 segments and 5G/6G backhaul scenarios. Key results indicate that (i) selective QKD deployment on high-value links coupled with PQC at endpoints enhances resilience while preserving crypto-agility; (ii) automated key-lifecycle orchestration reduces exposure windows; and (iii) device-independent assurances strengthen guarantees where trust relaxation is necessary. The impact is a deployment-ready reference architecture, measurable integration metrics, and guidance aligned with emerging standards for critical infrastructure and national networks. The implications extend to procurement, compliance, and roadmap planning for quantum-era network security. Keywords: quantum-safe cryptography, quantum key distribution (QKD), post-quantum cryptography (PQC), hybrid QKD–PQC, composable security, device-independent QKD, zero-trust networks, key management and orchestration, 5G/6G backhaul, network security architecture, standards and interoperability

International Journal of Academic and Industrial Research Innovations(IJAIRI)•Jan 30, 2021•2 citations
Modern connectivity has changed significantly as a result of wireless mobile networks’ utilization of continuous communication across an international infrastructure. Data protection and cyber attacks are two issues that continue to arise as mobile computing and wireless communication networks develop. As 5G networks give way to 6G networks, terahertz communication, artificial intelligence integration, and quantum technologies are introduced to provide high-speed data transfer and communications, along with improved security. In contrast, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and quantum key distribution (QKD) are two remote methods for addressing the need to adjust cryptographic systems in the current infrastructures to fight impending quantum threats. The fundamental ideas, real-world uses, and ways that PQC and QKD operate together to provide strong security for next-generation networks are all examined in this chapter.
Breakthroughs in the field of quantum computing are forcing society to adapt the systems it employs to future threats. Telecommunications networks are no exception, and technologies such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) have been developed to establish secure and confidential mechanisms for quantum-safe key distribution. However, the lack of flexibility and scalability of this technology hinders its implementation in 5G/6G networks. In this context, this paper presents the design and development of a QKD classical channel authentication system based on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms for securing multi-site 5G/6G networks. It also presents the deployment in an experimental infrastructure with a 5G core securization use case, and a comprehensive validation and performance evaluation, measuring key parameters such as protocol timing, error rate, and keyrate. Results show that the PQC authentication offers a similar performance compared to the inflexible, vendor-specific authentication mechanism, obtaining Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) measurements ranging from 2.5% to 3.5% in both cases, while only reducing the keyrate 4.53% (from 525.27 bps to 501.44 bps).
Abstract: This study advances a unifying systems perspective on quantum-safe network security by synthesizing recent progress in quantum cryptography with practical integration patterns across carrier-grade infrastructures. Concept analysis distinguishes the roles of quantum key distribution (QKD), device-independent variants, quantum authentication, and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) within zero-trust architectures. Building on this, a layered framework—spanning physical/entanglement resources, key management, crypto-agility, control plane orchestration, and policy/compliance—is articulated to support end-to-end, composable guarantees. The problem addressed is the realization of verifiable, quantum-resilient security under operational constraints involving latency, key-rate variability, and heterogeneous trust assumptions. Methodology combines a structured literature synthesis with formal composability mapping to universal composability principles, adversarial threat modeling for quantum-enabled attackers, and testbed/simulation evaluation of hybrid QKD–PQC pipelines across L2–L3 segments and 5G/6G backhaul scenarios. Key results indicate that (i) selective QKD deployment on high-value links coupled with PQC at endpoints enhances resilience while preserving crypto-agility; (ii) automated key-lifecycle orchestration reduces exposure windows; and (iii) device-independent assurances strengthen guarantees where trust relaxation is necessary. The impact is a deployment-ready reference architecture, measurable integration metrics, and guidance aligned with emerging standards for critical infrastructure and national networks. The implications extend to procurement, compliance, and roadmap planning for quantum-era network security. Keywords: quantum-safe cryptography, quantum key distribution (QKD), post-quantum cryptography (PQC), hybrid QKD–PQC, composable security, device-independent QKD, zero-trust networks, key management and orchestration, 5G/6G backhaul, network security architecture, standards and interoperability