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Institute of Physics eBooks

Polarization and directional effects in the intra-Stark spectroscopy of plasmas

Eugene Oks

Published Apr 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This chapter presents a study of various nonlinear effects in the radiation of satellites of non-hydrogenic spectral lines from plasmas and their applications. This kind of satellites are possible in spectral lines of helium and lithium atoms, as well as in spectral lines of the He-like and Li-like ions. We cover the early theoretical results obtained for the situation where the quasimonochromatic electric field (causing the satellites) is relatively weak, so that the effects can be described in frames of the perturbation theory. Then we cover theoretical and experimental results obtained for stronger fields: the adiabatic theory of satellites and its applications, as well as the case where the frequency of the quasimonochromatic electric field is much greater than the corresponding atomic frequencies.

DOI
10.1088/978-0-7503-6285-6ch4

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This chapter presents a study of various nonlinear effects in the radiation of satellites of non-hydrogenic spectral lines from plasmas and their applications. This kind of satellites are possible in spectral lines of helium and lithium atoms, as well as in spectral lines of the He-like and Li-like ions. We cover the early theoretical results obtained for the situation where the quasimonochromatic electric field (causing the satellites) is relatively weak, so that the effects can be described in frames of the perturbation theory. Then we cover theoretical and experimental results obtained for stronger fields: the adiabatic theory of satellites and its applications, as well as the case where the frequency of the quasimonochromatic electric field is much greater than the corresponding atomic frequencies.
We review the general principles of the spectroscopy of plasmas containing quasimonochromatic electric fields (QEFs). We demonstrate that the underlying physics is very rich due to the complicated entanglement of four characteristic times: the typical time required for the formation of the quasienergy states, the lifetime of the excited state of the radiator, the typical time of the formation of the homogeneous Stark broadening by the electron microfield, and the typical time of the formation of the homogeneous Stark broadening by the dynamic part of the ion microfield. We exemplified how the shape and shift of spectral lines are affected by the mutual interactions of the three subsystems. Specifically, the interaction of the radiator with the plasma can be substantially influenced by the interaction of the radiator with the QEF, and vice versa, as well as by the interaction of the QEF and the plasma with each other. We also provide some applications of these various effects. Finally, we outline directions for future research.
Atomic absorption spectra of the He I plasma in the static magnetic field in the absence of laser radiation are different from spectra in the presence of laser radiation. Especially, it has been theoretically predicted that the spectral shift of the satellite line, which is seen in the latter case, does not exist in the former case. In this paper, the effect of three-dimensional high-frequency electric fields on the σ+, σ−, and π components of the allowed 1 1S0-3 1P1 transition and the forbidden 1 1S0-3 1D2 lines in atomic absorption spectra of the He I plasma in a static magnetic field in the absence of a laser beam is investigated from the coupled equations for the probability amplitudes of atomic states. It is shown that they should give rise to a spectral shift of the allowed lines and satellites about forbidden lines. The calculation reveals that the shift is proportional to the mean-square stochastic electric field, and that the ratio of the intensity of the near satellite to that of the far satellite is different from the ratio obtained by the second-order perturbation theory or the three-level rotating-wave approximation. Discussion is given for the validity of this theory.
In the present work, the influence of an alternating circularly polarized electric field on the energy spectrum of the He atom is studied. The calculations are performed by the method of the energy matrix diagonalization of an atom in the electric field. This method has allowed us to study the behaviour of the helium energy spectrum from the same numerical procedure under resonant and non-resonant excitations by the electric field. Based on the calculation results, we have found that the resonance effects take place not only in the vicinity of resonance, but they influence the shift directions of the Stark states even under non-resonant excitation. Additionally, we have established that the helium energy spectrum behaves consistently in the electric field. The results obtained have allowed us to clarify mechanisms of the influence of the resonance effects on the radiative characteristics of helium plasma.
We have observed several different satellite transitions among HeI excited states. These satellites were induced by large, near-resonant, spatially inhomogeneous electric fields. A simple theory was proposed to explain the line shape of both the satellite and the allowed line based on the rotating-wave approximation. The plasma was contained in a dielectric waveguide and the laser mode pattern inside the guide was calculated and incorporated into the line-shape function. It was shown that excellent agreement between theory and experiment could be obtained over a wide range of experimental parameters. Agreement was very good in regimes where perturbation theory fails. We also observed that at high field strengths the Stark shift of the allowed component was less than the three-level theory predicted. We attribute this error to the fact that we have ignored all of the remaining levels of the HeI system.
Satellite lines emitted by a three-level atomic model in the presence of longitudinal electrostatic plasma waves and a non-resonant laser radiation field are investigated by calculating the autocorrelation function of the emitted light wave up to fourth order in the perturbation energy of the atomic system. Both the plasma wave and the radiation fields lead to a shift of the second-order Baranger and Mozer (1961) plasma satellites and of the allowed line. The intensities of the plasma satellites are enhanced by the laser radiation field. Under certain frequency conditions satellites pertaining to the radiation field appear in absorption. The same phenomenon occurs for the plasma satellites when the atoms are subjected to a single-mode plasma wave field.