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Physical Review A

Laser-induced optical satellite line profiles in a helium plasma

D. Prosnitz, D. Wildman, E. Victor George

Published Feb 1, 1976• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed several different satellite transitions among HeI excited states. These satellites were induced by large, near-resonant, spatially inhomogeneous electric fields. A simple theory was proposed to explain the line shape of both the satellite and the allowed line based on the rotating-wave approximation. The plasma was contained in a dielectric waveguide and the laser mode pattern inside the guide was calculated and incorporated into the line-shape function. It was shown that excellent agreement between theory and experiment could be obtained over a wide range of experimental parameters. Agreement was very good in regimes where perturbation theory fails. We also observed that at high field strengths the Stark shift of the allowed component was less than the three-level theory predicted. We attribute this error to the fact that we have ignored all of the remaining levels of the HeI system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.13.891

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Physical Review Letters•Apr 27, 1987•20 citations
We have observed several different satellite transitions among HeI excited states. These satellites were induced by large, near-resonant, spatially inhomogeneous electric fields. A simple theory was proposed to explain the line shape of both the satellite and the allowed line based on the rotating-wave approximation. The plasma was contained in a dielectric waveguide and the laser mode pattern inside the guide was calculated and incorporated into the line-shape function. It was shown that excellent agreement between theory and experiment could be obtained over a wide range of experimental parameters. Agreement was very good in regimes where perturbation theory fails. We also observed that at high field strengths the Stark shift of the allowed component was less than the three-level theory predicted. We attribute this error to the fact that we have ignored all of the remaining levels of the HeI system.
Atomic absorption spectra of the He I plasma in the static magnetic field in the absence of laser radiation are different from spectra in the presence of laser radiation. Especially, it has been theoretically predicted that the spectral shift of the satellite line, which is seen in the latter case, does not exist in the former case. In this paper, the effect of three-dimensional high-frequency electric fields on the σ+, σ−, and π components of the allowed 1 1S0-3 1P1 transition and the forbidden 1 1S0-3 1D2 lines in atomic absorption spectra of the He I plasma in a static magnetic field in the absence of a laser beam is investigated from the coupled equations for the probability amplitudes of atomic states. It is shown that they should give rise to a spectral shift of the allowed lines and satellites about forbidden lines. The calculation reveals that the shift is proportional to the mean-square stochastic electric field, and that the ratio of the intensity of the near satellite to that of the far satellite is different from the ratio obtained by the second-order perturbation theory or the three-level rotating-wave approximation. Discussion is given for the validity of this theory.
Radiation spectrum from a three-level system perturbed by near-resonant oscillating electric field is investigated when the amplitude of oscillation is fluctuating stochastically. To calculate the wave function of the system, the rotating-wave approximation is used and P -level degeneracy is correctly considered. The stochastic fluctuation is assumed to be a Gaussian process, and profiles of allowed and near-satellite lines are calculated for several sets of parameters of the Gaussian process. Connection to collective modes and their interactions in a turbulent plasma is also discussed.
Satellite lines emitted by a three-level atomic model in the presence of longitudinal electrostatic plasma waves and a non-resonant laser radiation field are investigated by calculating the autocorrelation function of the emitted light wave up to fourth order in the perturbation energy of the atomic system. Both the plasma wave and the radiation fields lead to a shift of the second-order Baranger and Mozer (1961) plasma satellites and of the allowed line. The intensities of the plasma satellites are enhanced by the laser radiation field. Under certain frequency conditions satellites pertaining to the radiation field appear in absorption. The same phenomenon occurs for the plasma satellites when the atoms are subjected to a single-mode plasma wave field.
The concept of Berry phase is included in an analysis of the intensity distribution in far wings of pressure-broadened spectral lines emitted or absorbed by atoms placed in an external cone-rotating electric field. Particular attention is focused on frequency regions where rainbow satellite bands appear. A classical-path treatment that employs the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation is used to derive an expression for the line shape, and it uses a dipole transition moment calculated with quasimolecular wave functions given by the Berry version of the adiabatic approximation. It is found that in the presence of an external rotating electric field, the intensity distribution in far wings can be expressed in terms of the universal line shape function of the unified Franck-Condon theory once energy shifts due to Stark and Berry effects are taken into account. We show that the influence of Berry phase in the profiles of the far wings can be manifested either in the form of deviations of observed profiles from the quasistatic distribution or the appearance of additional features in the vicinity of the maximum of the rainbow satellite band. As an example, the modification of the rainbow satellite at 162.3 nm in the red wing of the self-broadened Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ line of hydrogen, caused by an external rotating electric field, is considered.
In a helium glow discharge, the A. C. Stark shift of the 4 3S 1 → 2 3P0,1,2 transition (λ ≅ 4 713 Å) induced by nonresonant interaction of the 4 3S and 4 3P levels with a multimode CO2 laser field is measured as a function of laser intensity in the range IL < 35 MW/cm 2. Departure from the linear intensity dependence given by second order perturbation theory is observed for IL > 2 MW/cm2. A three-level atom model taking into account the interaction with the laser field in a non perturbative way agrees with the experiment. Strong broadening is also detected for IL > 1 MW/cm2. This broadening grows with IL until a quasi-continuum spreading over 50 Å is observed for IL = 33 MW/cm2. This broadening results from amplitude and phase fluctuations of the laser field modes during interaction. For IL = 33 MW/cm2 the recorded 4 713 Å spectral line shape reflects the statistical distribution of the mode amplitudes.