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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Stark broadening and satellite structure of hydrogen spectral lines in the presence of constant and microwave electric fields

G. L. Klimchitskaya, Yu. V. Pavlov

Published Apr 28, 1991• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical investigation is made of spectral lines of the hydrogen atom which interact with constant and microwave electric fields of different intensities and frequencies. It is shown that to obtain an adequate form of the spectral lines one must from the very beginning take into account the fine structure of the hydrogen levels.
DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/24/8/008

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General equations are presented for determining the field-dependent variation of the wavefunctions, matrix elements and intensities of dipole transitions between Stark levels of a hydrogen atom in a field range where the fine-structure effects may be neglected. The Sturm-series resolution for the reduced Coulomb-Green function is used to derive analytical expressions for the first-order corrections in terms of parabolic quantum numbers of initial and final states. Simple forms of these expressions as functions of the upper-state quantum numbers are presented explicitly for the Lyman and Balmer series. The selective action of the dc electric field on the intensity of Stark components of hydrogen lines is revealed in numerical calculations for both and types of emitted radiation. This selectivity may cause, in particular, enhancement of the high-frequency and damping of the low-frequency Stark -lines of the Lyman series.
The Stark effect of the fine structure of hydrogenic atoms is discussed in the light of the quantum mechanics. Explicit formulas are given for the energy levels in either a weak or a strong electric field, including in each case both the relativity corrections and the Stark effect. (The conventional treatment neglects either one or the other.) The results are, except in form, similar to those recently given by Schlapp. In the new mechanics, in contradistinction to the old Bohr theory, there is a linear Stark effect even in weak fields, because of the identity of energy for the ns\mathrm{ns}ns and np1n{p}_{1}np1​ levels in the absence of external fields. This degeneracy is shown to account for the results of the recent experiments of Ornstein, Zernike, and Snoek, who found that the 2s2s2s level in HHH is not metastable.The coefficients are found for the development of the "parabolic" eigenfunctions in terms of the "polar" ones, and a set of numerical values of these coefficients is tabulated.Methods are given for the calculation of the relative intensities in the Stark effect in terms of the already available theoretical fine structure intensities in the absence of fields.
The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the fine structure of the spectrum of the microwave transition 37 P -37 S in sodium Rydberg atoms in a weak electric field are reported. New data are obtained on the experimental values of the scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the 37 P level. A numerical simulation of the Stark diagram, taking into account the influence of the anticrossings of the Rydberg levels, is performed, and the results are found to be in good agreement with experiment.
In this paper it is shown that the interaction of atomic systems with high-intensity microwave radiation leads to characteristic splittings of optical spectral lines. In particular, if the frequency of the microwave radiation is in resonance with sublevel spacings of the atomic system, optical lines will exhibit a multiplet structure which depends in a simple way on the intensity and frequency of the microwave radiation. Detailed calculations are performed for the simplest atomic system, i.e., atomic hydrogen.