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Coherently excited superresolution using intensity product of phase-controlled quantum erasers via polarization-basis projection measurements

Byoung Seung HAM

Published Apr 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Recently, the delayed-choice quantum eraser has been applied for coherently excited superresolution using phase-controlled projection measurements of laser light to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics as well as to solve the limited photon number of the N00N state in quantum physics. Unlike other methods of phase-controlled superresolution in a noninterferometric system, the proposed method is for the intensity products between phase-controlled quantum erasers, resulting in superresolution compatible with the most conventional sensing metrologies. Here, a general scheme of the phase-controlled quantum eraser-based superresolution is proposed and its general solution is derived for an arbitrary Nth-order intensity correlation, where the superresolution shows the photonic de Broglie wave-like quantum feature. Furthermore, phase quantization of the superresolution is discussed to better understand quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-4104583/v1

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Abstract Recently, the delayed-choice quantum eraser has been applied for coherently excited superresolution using phase-controlled projection measurements of laser light to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics as well as to solve the limited photon number of the N00N state in quantum physics. Unlike other methods of phase-controlled superresolution in a noninterferometric system, the proposed method is for the intensity products between phase-controlled quantum erasers, resulting in superresolution compatible with the most conventional sensing metrologies. Here, a general scheme of the phase-controlled quantum eraser-based superresolution is proposed and its general solution is derived for an arbitrary Nth-order intensity correlation, where the superresolution shows the photonic de Broglie wave-like quantum feature. Furthermore, phase quantization of the superresolution is discussed to better understand quantum mechanics.
Recently, the delayed-choice quantum eraser has been applied for coherently excited superresolution using phase-controlled projection measurements of laser light to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics as well as to solve the limited photon number of the N00N state in quantum physics. Unlike other methods of phase-controlled superresolution in a noninterferometric system, the proposed method is for the intensity products between phase-controlled quantum erasers, resulting in superresolution compatible with the most conventional sensing metrologies. Here, a general scheme of the phase-controlled quantum eraser-based superresolution is proposed and its general solution is derived for an arbitrary Nth-order intensity correlation, where the superresolution shows the photonic de Broglie wave-like quantum feature. Furthermore, phase quantization of the superresolution is discussed to better understand quantum mechanics.
Recently, the delayed-choice quantum eraser has been applied for coherently excited superresolution using phase-controlled projection measurements of laser light to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics as well as to solve the limited order N of the N00N state in quantum physics. Here, a general scheme of the phase-controlled quantum eraser-based superresolution is proposed for quantum sensing satisfying the Heisenberg limit, and its general solution is derived for an arbitrary Nth-order intensity correlation. Furthermore, phase quantization of the proposed superresolution is discussed to better understand the wave nature of quantum mechanics. Unlike other methods of superresolution in quantum sensing, the proposed method is for the intensity products between phase-controlled quantum erasers and thus is compatible with most conventional sensing metrologies.
Superresolution is a unique quantum feature generated by N00N states or phase-controlled coherent photons via projection measurements in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Superresolution has no direct relation with supersensitivity in quantum sensing and has a potential application for the precision measurement of an unknown signal frequency. Recently, phase-controlled quantum erasers have been demonstrated for superresolution using classical light of a continuous-wave laser to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics and to solve the limited scalability in N00N state-based quantum sensing. Here, a quantum spectrometer is presented for the macroscopic superresolution using phase-controlled spatial light modulators (SLMs) in MZI. For validity, a general solution of the superresolution is derived from the SLM-based projection measurements and an unprecedented resolution is numerically confirmed for an unknown frequency of light.
The delayed-choice quantum eraser has been intensively studied for the wave-particle duality of a single photon in an interferometric system over the last decades. Super-resolution has been studied over decades for quantum sensing to overcome the standard quantum limit. For the super-resolution, either quantum features of higher-order entangled photon pairs or classical features of phase-controlled coherent photons have been successfully demonstrated. Here, a method of classically excited super-resolution is presented for the phase-controlled coherent photons in a quarter-wave plate-modified quantum eraser scheme. To support the underlying physics of the super-resolution, nonlocal correlation is also presented with an additional frequency-polarization basis control via selective product-basis measurements.
Abstract A conceptual framework for a quantum spectrometer is presented based on phase-controlled spatial light modulators (SLMs) and polarization-basis projection measurements, in which each SLM pixel functions as a macroscopic quantum eraser. Recently, macroscopic quantum erasers have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated using both single photons and continuous-wave laser light in the classical regime. Polarization-basis projection measurements, which are essential for realizing quantum erasers, are also widely employed in N00N-state-based quantum sensing. In this work, a pair of SLMs replaces bulky optical components, forming a pixelated array that enables precise polarization-basis control of quantum erasers. For potential applications of the SLM-based quantum spectrometer, intensity correlations between paired SLM pixels are numerically calculated, demonstrating resolution enhancement proportional to the number of pixels and surpassing that of conventional optical sensors.
Interferometer-based precision measurements have been intensively studied for sensing and metrology over the past half century. In classical optics, the resolution and phase sensitivity of an optical signal are confined by diffraction limit and shot-noise limit (SNL), respectively. Highly entangled photon pairs, i.e., N00N states have been adapted to overcome SNL in quantum sensing over the last two decades. Recently, coherent light-excited quantum sensing has also been proposed and demonstrated for macroscopic quantum sensing to overcome the limited N scalability in N00N-based quantum sensing. Here, a Sagnac interferometer-based superresolution is proposed to solve environmental noises inevitable in an interferometer. Furthermore, a spatial light modulator takes over the role of phase-controlled quantum erasers to solve the linear optics-based complexity issue in the coherently-excited superresolution. Thus, the proposed Sagnac superresolution can beat the state-of-the-art ring laser gyroscope applied for inertial navigation and geodesy.