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arXiv:2405.08456

A quantum spectrometer using a pair of phase-controlled spatial light modulators for superresolution in quantum sensing

Byoung Seung HAM

Published May 14, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Superresolution is a unique quantum feature generated by N00N states or phase-controlled coherent photons via projection measurements in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Superresolution has no direct relation with supersensitivity in quantum sensing and has a potential application for the precision measurement of an unknown signal frequency. Recently, phase-controlled quantum erasers have been demonstrated for superresolution using classical light of a continuous-wave laser to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics and to solve the limited scalability in N00N state-based quantum sensing. Here, a quantum spectrometer is presented for the macroscopic superresolution using phase-controlled spatial light modulators (SLMs) in MZI. For validity, a general solution of the superresolution is derived from the SLM-based projection measurements and an unprecedented resolution is numerically confirmed for an unknown frequency of light.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2405.08456

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Superresolution is a unique quantum feature generated by N00N states or phase-controlled coherent photons via projection measurements in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Superresolution has no direct relation with supersensitivity in quantum sensing and has a potential application for the precision measurement of an unknown signal frequency. Recently, phase-controlled quantum erasers have been demonstrated for superresolution using classical light of a continuous-wave laser to overcome the diffraction limit in classical physics and to solve the limited scalability in N00N state-based quantum sensing. Here, a quantum spectrometer is presented for the macroscopic superresolution using phase-controlled spatial light modulators (SLMs) in MZI. For validity, a general solution of the superresolution is derived from the SLM-based projection measurements and an unprecedented resolution is numerically confirmed for an unknown frequency of light.
Abstract A conceptual framework for a quantum spectrometer is presented based on phase-controlled spatial light modulators (SLMs) and polarization-basis projection measurements, in which each SLM pixel functions as a macroscopic quantum eraser. Recently, macroscopic quantum erasers have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated using both single photons and continuous-wave laser light in the classical regime. Polarization-basis projection measurements, which are essential for realizing quantum erasers, are also widely employed in N00N-state-based quantum sensing. In this work, a pair of SLMs replaces bulky optical components, forming a pixelated array that enables precise polarization-basis control of quantum erasers. For potential applications of the SLM-based quantum spectrometer, intensity correlations between paired SLM pixels are numerically calculated, demonstrating resolution enhancement proportional to the number of pixels and surpassing that of conventional optical sensors.
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A quantum wavemetry scheme based on the coherence de Broglie wavelength (CBW) is proposed using an M coupled Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture to achieve superresolution sensing and metrology. Although CBW does not attain the Heisenberg limit, it circumvents the key practical limitations of N00N state based quantum sensing, including restricted photon number N, reduced fringe visibility, and strong susceptibility to photon loss. The CBW approach enables loss tolerant operation with arbitrarily large M, while maintaining near unity fringe visibility. Fully compatible with coherence optics, the CBW scheme can be directly integrated into conventional wavemetry systems, providing both superresolution and enhanced sensitivity. A proof of principle experiment demonstrating CBW based superresolution is implemented using a Sagnac integrated round trip MZI structure for M=2, validating the feasibility of the proposed quantum wavemetry design.