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Russian Microelectronics

Enhancing Efficiency of the Fast Quantum Memory on Single-Atom in Cavity

Yu. A. Kharlamova, Арсланов Наркис Мусавирович, Sergey A. Moiseev

Published Dec 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The operation of a fast quantum memory protocol on a single three-level atom in cavity is theoretically modeled. The influence of losses, such as cavity loss and atomic relaxation on the efficiency of photon loading on long-lived atomic states, is considered. By choosing the optimal experimentally achieved parameters of the system and control pulse, we show the possibility of increasing efficiency up to 56.9% for a hyperbolic secant signal photon wave packet, which is 2 times more than the efficiency achieved so far for such quantum memory.

DOI
10.1134/s1063739723600747

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Abstract The operation of a fast quantum memory protocol on a single three-level atom in cavity is theoretically modeled. The influence of losses, such as cavity loss and atomic relaxation on the efficiency of photon loading on long-lived atomic states, is considered. By choosing the optimal experimentally achieved parameters of the system and control pulse, we show the possibility of increasing efficiency up to 56.9% for a hyperbolic secant signal photon wave packet, which is 2 times more than the efficiency achieved so far for such quantum memory.
We theoretically analyze the efficiency of a quantum memory for single photons. The photons propagate along a transmission line and impinge on one of the mirrors of a high-finesse cavity. The quantum memory is constituted by a single atom within the optical resonator. Photon storage is realized by the controlled transfer of the photonic excitation into a metastable state of the atom and occurs via a Raman transition with a suitably tailored laser pulse, which drives the atom. Our study is supported by numerical simulations, in which we include the modes of the transmission line and we use the experimental parameters of existing experimental setups. It reproduces the results derived using input–output theory in the corresponding regimes and can be extended to compute dynamics where the input–output formalism cannot be straightforwardly applied. Our analysis determines the maximal storage efficiency, namely, the maximal probability to store the photon in a stable atomic excitation, in the presence of spontaneous decay and cavity parasitic losses. It further delivers the form of the laser pulse that achieves the maximal efficiency by partially compensating parasitic losses. We numerically assess the conditions under which storage based on adiabatic dynamics is preferable to non-adiabatic pulses. Moreover, we systematically determine the shortest photon pulse that can be efficiently stored as a function of the system parameters.
Quantum memory based on a system of resonators each containing one atom and connected to an external waveguide through a common resonator has been proposed. The parameters of the resonators and atoms interacting with them at which the effective transfer of a single-photon signal wave packet from the external waveguide to atomic states for long-term storage of the quantum state of the photon have been determined using reversible properties of the dynamics of the system under study and optimization methods. The advantages of quantum memory under consideration, as well as experimental possibilities of its implementation, have been discussed.
Ideal photonic quantum memories can store arbitrary pulses of light with unit efficiency. This requires operating in the adiabatic regime, where pulses have a duration much longer than the bandwidth of the memory. In the nonadiabatic regime of short pulses, memories are therefore imperfect, and information is always lost. We theoretically investigate the bandwidth limitations for setups based on individual atoms, or ensembles thereof, confined inside optical cavities. We identify an effective strategy for optimizing the efficiencies of the storage and retrieval process regardless of the duration or the shape of the pulses. Our protocol is derived almost completely analytically and attains efficiencies that are comparable to those obtained by numerical optimization. Furthermore, our results provide an improved understanding of the performance of quantum memories in several regimes. When considering pulses defined on an infinite time interval, the shapes can be divided into two categories, depending on their asymptotic behaviors. If the intensity of the pulse increases with time slower than or as an exponential function then the storage efficiency is only limited by the pulse width. For pulses defined on a finite interval, on the other hand, the efficiency is determined by the shape at the beginning of the storage or, correspondingly, at the end of the retrieval process.
We propose a composite frequency-scalable quantum memory (QM) scheme based on a system of coupled resonators with single atoms capable of efficient storage of the quantum states of broadband single-photon fields having an arbitrary time form. The analyzed QM consists of 8 high-Q miniresonators coupled to a common resonator that is connected to the external waveguide, where each miniresonator contains a single atom. Based on the methods of optimization of the transfer function, we found the optimal parameters of the QM scheme at which an efficient transfer of a photon wave packet from an external waveguide to the atoms is possible for efficient long-term storage in long-lived atomic states. Various functional modes of using the memory circuit are described and ways to increase efficiency for its use in quantum processing are discussed.
Quantum efficiency is an important characteristic of quantum memory devices that are aimed at recording the quantum state of light signals and its storing and reading. In the case of memory based on an ensemble of cold atoms placed in an optical cavity, the efficiency is restricted, in particular, by relaxation processes in the system of active atomic levels. We show how the effect of the relaxation on the quantum efficiency can be determined in a regime of the memory usage in which the evolution of signals in time is not arbitrarily slow on the scale of the field lifetime in the cavity and when the frequently used approximation of the adiabatic elimination of the quantized cavity mode field cannot be applied. Taking into account the effect of the nonadiabaticity on the memory quality is of interest in view of the fact that, in order to increase the field–medium coupling parameter, a higher cavity quality factor is required, whereas storing and processing of sequences of many signals in the memory implies that their duration is reduced. We consider the applicability of the well-known efficiency estimates via the system cooperativity parameter and estimate a more general form. In connection with the theoretical description of the memory of the given type, we also discuss qualitative differences in the behavior of a random source introduced into the Heisenberg–Langevin equations for atomic variables in the cases of a large and a small number of atoms.