Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Russian Microelectronics

Flux-Driven Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier with bi-SQUIDs Cells

Victor K. Kornev, Nikolay V. Kolotinskiy, A. N. Nikolaeva

Published Dec 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Characteristics of artificial waveguide lines composed of finite size artificial cells are analyzed and discussed with relation to designing the travelling wave parametric amplifiers. From this point of view, flux driven amplifier suggested recently can be considered as the most successful amplifier design. To increase dynamic range of the amplifier, dc SQUID cells of the artificial line in use can be substituted for bi-SQUID cells. The 1 dB compression points of the amplifier gain are calculated and compared for both types of the cells.

DOI
10.1134/s1063739723600838

Related papers

Bi-SQUID Versus dc SQUID in Flux-Driven Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier

Alena N. Nikolaeva, Victor K. Kornev, Nikolay V. Kolotinskiy

Characteristics of artificial waveguide lines composed of finite-size artificial cells are analyzed and discussed with relation to designing traveling-wave parametric amplifiers. From this point of view, the flux-driven amplifier suggested recently can be considered as the most successful amplifier design. To increase dynamic range of the amplifier, dc SQUID cells of the artificial line in use can be substituted for bi-SQUID cells. The 1 dB compression points of the amplifier gain are calculated and compared for both types of cells.

Applied Sciences•Jul 15, 2023•4 citations

Flux-Pumped Josephson Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers Based on Bi-SQUID Cells

Renat A. Yusupov, Lyudmila V. Filippenko, Daniil E. Bazulin +5 more

We have proposed a new design of the Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) capable of providing much higher spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). For this purpose, we substitute dc SQUIDs for bi-SQUIDs in the used artificial signal transmission line driven by external travelling-wave magnetic flux. The increase of SFDR follows from the increased linearity domain of the phase-current relation in bi-SQUID as compared to dc SQUID. Optimal parameters for bi-SQUIDs have been determined. The first version of JTWPA was modeled to be fabricated using niobium process.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Nov 26, 2021•11 citations

Traveling-wave parametric amplifier with three-wave mixing in superconducting transmission line with embedded rf-SQUIDs

Alexander B Zorin

We develop a concept of traveling-wave Josephson parametric amplifier based on a ladder-type superconducting transmission line containing serial array of one-junctions SQUIDs. The circuit operates in a three-wave mixing mode and exploits both quadratic and cubic (Kerr) nonlinearities in the current-phase relation of the SQUIDs controlled by external magnetic flux. These two types of nonlinearities allow efficient three-wave mixing and perfect phase matching, respectively. The transmission line exhibits a power gain with exponential dependence on its length (number of cells $N$) in the widest frequency range, $0 \lesssim f_s, f_i \lesssim f_p$, where $f_s$, $f_i$ and $f_p$ are the signal, idler and pump frequencies, respectively, obeying relation $f_s + f_i = f_p$. Estimation of the amplifier characteristics with typical experimental parameters, number of cells $N$ = 700, length of 28 mm and pump frequency of 12.5 GHz yields a flat (-3 dB) gain of about 20 dB in the bandwidth from 3.35 GHz to 9.15 GHz and a saturation power of -90 dBm.

•Feb 8, 2016•2 citations

Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier with magnetic flux drive

Alexander B Zorin

We have developed a concept of the traveling-wave parametric amplifier driven by external magnetic flux. The circuit consists of a serial array of symmetric dc SQUIDs coupled inductively to a separate superconducting LC-transmission line carrying the pump flux-wave. The adjusted phase velocity of the pump wave ensures efficient three wave mixing with the signal and the idler waves. Due to operation in the linear regime of the SQUIDs the matching condition for corresponding wave vectors can be fulfilled in this circuit with sufficiently high accuracy. This property enables large gain and wide bandwidth, whereas inherently minimal depletion of the pump ensures a large dynamic range. The experimental parameters and characteristics of this amplifier have been evaluated and shown great promise for the application in quantum information circuits.

•Apr 24, 2018•0 citations

Flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier

Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, K. Inomata, 道生 渡部 +5 more

We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier comprising a superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator terminated by a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). An external field (the pump, ∼20 GHz) modulates the flux threading of the dc SQUID and, therefore, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, ∼10 GHz), which leads to the parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.

Applied Physics Letters•Jul 28, 2008•469 citations

Design of a Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier with a π -Josephson Junction

Shuyuan Cui, Daiki Fukuyo, Hiroshi Shimada +1 more

Abstract A Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) is indispensable for the high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits, owing to its broadband gain and near-quantum-limited noise performance. Conventional JTWPAs implemented with 0-Josephson junctions (0-JTWPAs) avoid magnetic-flux bias but rely on Kerr nonlinearity, which leads to pump-power-dependent phase mismatch, gain ripple, and a limited dynamic range. More recently, three-wave-mixing (3WM) JTWPAs employing flux-biased rf-SQUIDs have been proposed to suppress Kerr effects. However, these designs require a significant external flux bias per unit cell, which complicates cryogenic hardware, introduces sensitivity to flux noise, and limits scalability in large arrays. In this study, we propose and analyze a π -junction-based JTWPA ( π -JTWPA) in which the intrinsic π phase shift of the junction effectively displaces the operating point of the current–phase relation. This approach aims to realize 3WM-type nonlinearity with reduced flux bias while preserving broadband amplification, thereby simplifying flux-bias distribution, enhancing robustness against flux noise, and providing a pathway toward scalable, multiplexed quantum readout architectures. In addition, we examine the potential applicability of the π -JTWPA in four-wave-mixing (4WM) operation.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Jul 1, 2026•0 citations
Abstract Characteristics of artificial waveguide lines composed of finite size artificial cells are analyzed and discussed with relation to designing the travelling wave parametric amplifiers. From this point of view, flux driven amplifier suggested recently can be considered as the most successful amplifier design. To increase dynamic range of the amplifier, dc SQUID cells of the artificial line in use can be substituted for bi-SQUID cells. The 1 dB compression points of the amplifier gain are calculated and compared for both types of the cells.
Characteristics of artificial waveguide lines composed of finite-size artificial cells are analyzed and discussed with relation to designing traveling-wave parametric amplifiers. From this point of view, the flux-driven amplifier suggested recently can be considered as the most successful amplifier design. To increase dynamic range of the amplifier, dc SQUID cells of the artificial line in use can be substituted for bi-SQUID cells. The 1 dB compression points of the amplifier gain are calculated and compared for both types of cells.
We have proposed a new design of the Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) capable of providing much higher spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). For this purpose, we substitute dc SQUIDs for bi-SQUIDs in the used artificial signal transmission line driven by external travelling-wave magnetic flux. The increase of SFDR follows from the increased linearity domain of the phase-current relation in bi-SQUID as compared to dc SQUID. Optimal parameters for bi-SQUIDs have been determined. The first version of JTWPA was modeled to be fabricated using niobium process.
We develop a concept of traveling-wave Josephson parametric amplifier based on a ladder-type superconducting transmission line containing serial array of one-junctions SQUIDs. The circuit operates in a three-wave mixing mode and exploits both quadratic and cubic (Kerr) nonlinearities in the current-phase relation of the SQUIDs controlled by external magnetic flux. These two types of nonlinearities allow efficient three-wave mixing and perfect phase matching, respectively. The transmission line exhibits a power gain with exponential dependence on its length (number of cells NNN) in the widest frequency range, 0≲fs,fi≲fp0 \lesssim f_s, f_i \lesssim f_p0≲fs​,fi​≲fp​, where fsf_sfs​, fif_ifi​ and fpf_pfp​ are the signal, idler and pump frequencies, respectively, obeying relation fs+fi=fpf_s + f_i = f_pfs​+fi​=fp​. Estimation of the amplifier characteristics with typical experimental parameters, number of cells NNN = 700, length of 28 mm and pump frequency of 12.5 GHz yields a flat (-3 dB) gain of about 20 dB in the bandwidth from 3.35 GHz to 9.15 GHz and a saturation power of -90 dBm.
We have developed a concept of the traveling-wave parametric amplifier driven by external magnetic flux. The circuit consists of a serial array of symmetric dc SQUIDs coupled inductively to a separate superconducting LC-transmission line carrying the pump flux-wave. The adjusted phase velocity of the pump wave ensures efficient three wave mixing with the signal and the idler waves. Due to operation in the linear regime of the SQUIDs the matching condition for corresponding wave vectors can be fulfilled in this circuit with sufficiently high accuracy. This property enables large gain and wide bandwidth, whereas inherently minimal depletion of the pump ensures a large dynamic range. The experimental parameters and characteristics of this amplifier have been evaluated and shown great promise for the application in quantum information circuits.
We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier comprising a superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator terminated by a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). An external field (the pump, ∼20 GHz) modulates the flux threading of the dc SQUID and, therefore, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, ∼10 GHz), which leads to the parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.
Abstract A Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) is indispensable for the high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits, owing to its broadband gain and near-quantum-limited noise performance. Conventional JTWPAs implemented with 0-Josephson junctions (0-JTWPAs) avoid magnetic-flux bias but rely on Kerr nonlinearity, which leads to pump-power-dependent phase mismatch, gain ripple, and a limited dynamic range. More recently, three-wave-mixing (3WM) JTWPAs employing flux-biased rf-SQUIDs have been proposed to suppress Kerr effects. However, these designs require a significant external flux bias per unit cell, which complicates cryogenic hardware, introduces sensitivity to flux noise, and limits scalability in large arrays. In this study, we propose and analyze a π -junction-based JTWPA ( π -JTWPA) in which the intrinsic π phase shift of the junction effectively displaces the operating point of the current–phase relation. This approach aims to realize 3WM-type nonlinearity with reduced flux bias while preserving broadband amplification, thereby simplifying flux-bias distribution, enhancing robustness against flux noise, and providing a pathway toward scalable, multiplexed quantum readout architectures. In addition, we examine the potential applicability of the π -JTWPA in four-wave-mixing (4WM) operation.