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Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

Harnessing optical parametric processes with photonic molecules

Gustavo S. Wiederhecker, Nathália B. Tomazio, Luca O. Trinchão, Laís Adrielle de Oliveira Santos, Eduardo S. Gonçalves, Felipe G. S. Santos, Thiago P. Mayer Alegre

Published Mar 8, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this talk I will review our recent results in the field of optical parametric oscillation. In particular, the demonstration of Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillation (DOPO) using a phase-coherent dual-tone pump scheme will be discussed. This work highlights the potential of photonic molecules as a platform for achieving high-quality DOPO, which could have important applications in areas such as quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and quantum computing. The phase-matching conditions are carefully controlled to achieve maximum DOPO efficiency, and the results show that the DOPO signal can be efficiently generated and optimized. This work opens new avenues for further investigation in the field of DOPO and its applications.

DOI
10.1117/12.3004504

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In this talk I will review our recent results in the field of optical parametric oscillation. In particular, the demonstration of Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillation (DOPO) using a phase-coherent dual-tone pump scheme will be discussed. This work highlights the potential of photonic molecules as a platform for achieving high-quality DOPO, which could have important applications in areas such as quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and quantum computing. The phase-matching conditions are carefully controlled to achieve maximum DOPO efficiency, and the results show that the DOPO signal can be efficiently generated and optimized. This work opens new avenues for further investigation in the field of DOPO and its applications.
Degenerate optical parametric oscillation (DOPO) is a versatile platform for generating binary phase-states of light, with demonstrated applications in on-chip random number generation (RNG) [1] and coherent Ising Machines (IM) [2]. Kerr-based DOPOs rely on a dual-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing process with degenerate signal and idler fields. However, DOPO is susceptible to instabilities that limit its applicability [3], and identifying stable operation parameters remains challenging. Here, we experimentally investigate the dynamics and stability of dual-pumped DOPO in a silicon nitride microring resonator in the anomalous dispersion regime.
Integrated microring resonators have a broad range of applications in diverse fields with the potential to design compact, robust, energy-efficient devices crucial for quantum applications. Degenerate optical parametric oscillations (DOPOs) realized in dual-pumped microring resonator with third-order optical nonlinearity are of special interest. They demonstrate both bistability of the phase of the excited signal mode and generation of nonclassical light, which can be used for coherent photonic computing. Using coupled mode equations, we perform a comprehensive numerical analysis of DOPO conditions with normal group velocity dispersion and with bichromatic pumping. Through analytical and numerical approaches, we identify optimal setup parameter values that minimize the threshold power, highlighting the importance of considering the full spectrum of mode interactions. Additionally, we show that dispersion engineering, achievable in photonic molecules or photonic crystal microresonators, may provide a targeted frequency shift of specific microresonator modes resulting in pump power threshold reduction.
Although an ideal degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) can generate perfect squeezing at the output of a one-sided optical cavity when operating just below threshold, its intracavity squeezing is limited to less than one-half (50%) of its perfect value. However, when two-level atoms are introduced into the DOPO cavity, the amount of intracavity squeezing can be enhanced, from its maximum value of 50%, to a maximum value of 75% in the good-cavity limit due to the strong interaction between the two-level atoms and the subharmonic field mode. This extra intracavity squeezing is significant in studying spectroscopy of atoms interacting with a squeezed field mode inside an optical cavity.
We consider a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO). A coherent signal is injected with real amplitude ϵ and phase 2iω0t. The cavity has two resonant modes at frequencies ν1 ≃ ω0 and ν2 ≃ 2ω0. A nonlinear crystal converts photons of frequency ν2 into pairs of photons of frequency ν1 = v2/2. A saturable absorber is inserted in the cavity and can absorb photons at the frequency ν1. The absober is described by a collection of N homogeneously broadened two-level atoms with atomic frequency ω ≃ ω0.
High-Q cavities play a central role in quantum optics for the generation and study of novel quantum mechanical states of light like squeezed states. It is however not widely recognized that even low-Q cavities can produce such states. For example, a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) with one nearly perfect mirror can produce perfectly squeezed output light regardless of the second mirror transmission, provided the DOPO is at oscillation threshold. Moreover, the squeezing bandwidth increases with increasing transmission of the second mirror.
Cluster states are versatile quantum resources and an essential building block for measurement-based quantum computing. The possibility to generate cluster states in specific systems may thus serve as an indicator regarding if and to what extent these systems can be harnessed for quantum technologies and quantum information processing in particular. Here, we apply this analysis to networks of degenerate optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs), also called coherent Ising machines (CIMs). CIMs are distinguished by their highly flexible coupling capabilities, which makes it possible to use them, e.g., to emulate large spin systems. As CIMs typically operate with coherent states (and superpositions thereof), it is natural to consider cluster states formed by superpositions of coherent states, i.e., coherent cluster states. As we show, such coherent cluster states can, under ideal conditions, be generated in DOPO networks with the help of beam splitters and classical pumps. Our subsequent numerical analysis provides the minimum requirements for the generation of coherent cluster states under realistic conditions. Moreover, we discuss how nonequilibrium pumps can improve the generation of coherent cluster states. In order to assess the quality of the cluster-state generation, we map the generated states to an effective spin space using modular variables, which allows us to apply entanglement criteria tailored for spin-based cluster states.