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Advanced Materials

Metasurface‐Based Optical Logic Operators Driven by Diffractive Neural Networks (Adv. Mater. 9/2024)

Xumin Ding, Zihan Zhao, Peng Xie, Dayu Cai, Fan‐Yi Meng, Cong Wang, Qun Wu, Jian Liu, Shah Nawaz Burokur, Guangwei Hu

Published Mar 1, 2024• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical Quantum Computing In article number 2308993, Xumin Ding, Shah Nawaz Burokur, Guangwei Hu, and co-workers report an optical quantum logic operator with high fidelity. The device is driven by an all-optical diffractive neural network, while combining polarization- and spatial-multiplexing strategies to achieve four classical quantum gates. This work substantially improves the integration and flexibility of quantum computing systems.

DOI
10.1002/adma.202470071

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Optical Quantum Computing In article number 2308993, Xumin Ding, Shah Nawaz Burokur, Guangwei Hu, and co-workers report an optical quantum logic operator with high fidelity. The device is driven by an all-optical diffractive neural network, while combining polarization- and spatial-multiplexing strategies to achieve four classical quantum gates. This work substantially improves the integration and flexibility of quantum computing systems.
Federico M. Spedalieri, Jonathan P. Dowling, and Hwang Lee Abstract We present a detailed description of nondeterministic quantum logic gates: the crucial component of linear optical quantum computing. We use the qubits that are encoded in the polarization degrees of freedom, as opposed to the original dual-rail encoding. Employing the polarization-encoding scheme, we can avoid the undetected errors due to the inefficiency of the photodetectors and, therefore, achieve high gate fidelity, independent of the quantum efficiency of the detectors. Furthermore, we show that such a high-fidelity gate operation can be performed with no need of number-resolving detectors.
Abstract In this paper, a novel optical logic operator based on the multifunctional metasurface driven by all‐optical diffractive neural network is reported, which can perform four principal quantum logic operations (Pauli‐X, Pauli‐Y, Pauli‐Z, and Hadamard gates). The two ground states and are characterized by two orthogonal linear polarization states. The proposed spatial‐ and polarization‐multiplexed all‐optical diffractive neural network only contains a hidden layer physically mapped as a metasurface with simple and compact unit cells, which dramatically reduces the volume and computing resources required for the system. The designed optical quantum operator is proven to achieve high fidelities for all four quantum logical gates, up to 99.96% numerically and 99.88% experimentally. The solution will facilitate the construction of large‐scale optical quantum computing systems and scalable optical quantum devices.
Spatial modes of photons offer a rich encoding resource for high-dimensional quantum information processing. Multiplane light conversion (MPLC) enables spatial mode transformation and is applicable in both classical and quantum optics. Here, we demonstrate a polymer-based MPLC device, fabricated via femtosecond laser three-dimensional printing, that realizes high-dimensional quantum logic gates in an ultracompact format. Specifically, we design a three-dimensional Hadamard gate by training a diffractive neural network to generate the required phase distribution. The device is evaluated through quantum process tomography at the single-photon level within spatial modes, achieving a fidelity of 90%. Compared to traditional spatial light modulator-based implementations, our approach integrates spatial mode manipulation into a miniaturized photonic platform. These results highlight the feasibility of polymer-based MPLC for compact quantum logic and open possibilities for scalable, high-dimensional quantum information processing on integrated photonic chips.
Atom qubits in silicon provide a promising platform for realising a scalable quantum computer. In article number 2003361, Michelle Simmons and co-workers present a qubit environment with a notably low level of charge noise achieved by hosting phosphorus atoms in an all-crystalline silicon substrate well-separated from surface and interface states. The level of charge noise experienced by the phosphorus atoms is sufficiently low to enable two-qubit gate fidelities above 99.99%, well within the 99% threshold required for error-correction.