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Modern Physics Letters A

An improved quantum payment protocol based on group signature without entanglement

Wenhua Jiang, Jincheng Zhuang

Published Feb 10, 2024• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With the popularization of E-payment, more and more electronic payment protocols have been proposed. In 2021, Lin et al. proposed a trusted third-party E-Payment protocol based on a set of three-particle local indistinguishable orthogonal product (X-LIOP) states. In this paper, we first point out that there is a security flaw where the merchant can forge the purchase goods information to sell something that the customer does not want to buy in Lin et al. protocol. Besides, the X-LIOP states used by Lin are not orthogonal and can be discriminated by Local Operation and Classical Communication (LOCC). Second, we propose a new electronic payment protocol that combines group signature and the three-particle X-LIOP states. Compared with Lin et al. protocol, customers can purchase goods anonymously in our protocol and the unforgeability of messages and signatures is guaranteed.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732323501997

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With the popularization of E-payment, more and more electronic payment protocols have been proposed. In 2021, Lin et al. proposed a trusted third-party E-Payment protocol based on a set of three-particle local indistinguishable orthogonal product (X-LIOP) states. In this paper, we first point out that there is a security flaw where the merchant can forge the purchase goods information to sell something that the customer does not want to buy in Lin et al. protocol. Besides, the X-LIOP states used by Lin are not orthogonal and can be discriminated by Local Operation and Classical Communication (LOCC). Second, we propose a new electronic payment protocol that combines group signature and the three-particle X-LIOP states. Compared with Lin et al. protocol, customers can purchase goods anonymously in our protocol and the unforgeability of messages and signatures is guaranteed.
Quantum sealed-bid auction (QSA) is a special form of transaction with significant applications in the economic and financial fields. Using a unique set of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states, we propose a new QSA protocol in this paper. In the protocol, the bid message is encoded as a quantum sequence of LIOP states, and the different particles of LIOP states are transmitted separately. Even though an attacker obtains a portion of the particles, they cannot recover the entire bid message because of the local indistinguishability of LIOP states. Once the auctioneer announces the winner’s bid, all bidders are able to confirm the authenticity of their bid. With the help of a semi-honest third party, collusion between the auctioneer and a malicious bidder can be discovered. Finally, our protocol is capable of meeting all requirements for secure sealed-bid auctions through security and completeness analysis. Additionally, the proposed protocol does not require any entangled resources and complicated operations, so it can be easily implemented in practice.
As an important branch of quantum-secure multiparty computation, quantum-secure multiparty summation enables participants to complete the summation of their inputs without revealing their own secrets. In this paper, a new multiparty quantum secure summation protocol based on locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states is proposed. Leveraging the properties of LIOP states, participants can successfully accomplish the summation of their secrets with the assistance of a semi-honest third party (TP). The present protocol is shown to effectively resist certain existing attacks. Furthermore, complex operations and entanglement resources are not required in the proposed protocol. We anticipate that these results will contribute positively to the future development of quantum-secure multiparty computation.
E-payment plays an important role in modern daily life, so the security problem of E-payment has been widely concerned by researchers. In a recent paper [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57, 2657 (2018)], the authors presented a trusted third-party E-payment protocol based on quantum blind signature without entanglement. In this paper, we show that there is a serious security flaw in their E-payment protocol. That is, the partial keys will be disclosed by performing a simple attack strategy. Furthermore, we propose an improved E-payment protocol and analyze its security.
With the in-depth development of the digital economy and the escalating demands for transaction security and quantum attack resistance in electronic payment scenarios, quantum signature is gradually emerging as a core research direction in the construction of electronic payment security systems. Addressing the requirements for anonymity and security in electronic payment scenarios, this paper proposes an electronic payment scheme based on controlled quantum teleportation. During the implementation of the scheme, the quantum entanglement characteristics of the four-particle entangled state, the core logic of controlled quantum teleportation, the privacy protection features of proxy blind signature technology, and the technical advantages of superdense coding are integrated to provide security guarantees for the payment process. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme builds a payment system relying on quantum key distribution protocols, forming a payment system with information-theoretic security attributes. This effectively overcomes the limitation that traditional UnionPay payment systems rely on computational complexity at the security level. In addition, the scheme satisfies nonrepudiation and unforgeability and possesses the capability to resist interception-resending attacks.
Security and anonymity are essential to E-payment systems. However, existing E-payment systems will easily be broken into soon with the emergence of quantum computers. In this paper, we propose an E-payment system based on quantum group signature. In contrast to classical E-payment systems, our quantum E-payment system can protect not only the users' anonymity but also the inner structure of customer groups. Because of adopting the two techniques of quantum key distribution, a one-time pad and quantum group signature, unconditional security of our E-payment system is guaranteed.
In this paper, a new E-payment system based on quantum blind and group signature is proposed. Existing E-payment systems based on classical cryptography cannot guarantee the security with the emergency of quantum computers. Compared to the existing E-payment system, our quantum E-payment scheme could protect not only the user's anonymity but also the inner structure of customer group. In addition, our system adopts quantum key distribution, one-time pad, and audit mechanism to ensure unconditional security.