Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Resolution of Quantum Phase Measurements Using Multi-Photon States

Tomonori Matsushita, Holger Friedrich Hofmann

Published Jul 31, 2022• 0 citations

Abstract

We discuss the effects of multi-photon coherence on the probability of successfully distinguishing two different phase shifts in a single measurement of the photon number distribution in the output of an interferometer.

DOI: 10.1109/cleo-pr62338.2022.10432325

Related papers

Resolution of quantum phase measurements using multi-photon states

Tomonori Matsushita, Holger Friedrich Hofmann

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)Jan 1, 20220 citations

Quantum phase resolution and phase distribution

Gunnar G. Bjork, Alexei S. Trifonov, Tedros Tsegaye +1 more

We discuss generation and measurement strategies for maximum-likelihood estimation of small phase shifts. We demonstrate that optimal encoding of small phase shifts and optimal measurements of small phase shifts require different states. We also show that states with identical phase resolution may have rather different Pegg-Barnett phase distributions. Hence, the connection between phase distribution and quantum phase resolution is rather weak.

Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part BDec 1, 199810 citations

Multi-Photon Entanglement for Sub Shot-Noise Sensitivity

Christian Schwemmer, Roland Krischek, Witlef Wieczorek +5 more

We experimentally demonstrate a general criterion to identify multi-photon entangled states useful for quantum metrology and prove their applicability for phase estimation with a sensitivity higher than the shot-noise limit.

Research in Optical SciencesJan 1, 20120 citations

Wave-like behavior of phase-modulated three single-photon states in a six-port Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Suryadi

This study investigates three-photon interference dynamics in a six-port Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (6p-MZI), focusing on the quantum interference characteristics of photon state distributions under varying phase conditions. By introducing a phase modulator to manipulate photon distinguishability through phase shifts, we demonstrate significant modulation of output photon state probabilities. The analysis reveals multiple interference patterns, including even photon distribution across output ports, photon coalescence at a single port, and partial photon distributions. The probability amplitudes exhibit distinct phase dependencies, with 100% probability for even distribution at ±2mπ, approximately 30% peak probability for single-port coalescence at (2/3+m)π and (4/3+m)π, and sinusoidal interference fringes for two-photon same-port detection. These findings provide strong evidence of wave-like behavior in three-photon quantum systems and contribute to a deeper understanding of multi-photon interference. The strong phase sensitivity of three-photon interference in the 6p-MZI system highlights its potential applications in quantum metrology and photonic quantum technologies.

AIP conference proceedingsJan 1, 20260 citations

Photon number statistics of entanglement generated by multiple single photon sources

Jun-Yi Wu, Holger Friedrich Hofmann

Multiphoton interference results in a wide variety of non-classical photon number statistics, including characteristic signatures of entanglement between two or more sets of optical modes. Here, we consider the photon number statistics observed after applying discrete Fourier transformations (DFTs) to bipartite entangled states generated using single photon sources and beam splitters. It is shown that the output photon number states of DFTs are eigenstates of a translational mode shifting operator in the input. The complex eigenvalues of the mode shift can be identified by a phase number K obtained from the output photon distribution. For each output distribution, the possible input states are limited to mode shift eigenstates with the same K-value. Using this mode shift rule, we can identify the quantum coherence between different photon number distributions in the input with experimentally observable K-values in the output of the DFT. In the case of multi-photon entanglement obtained by post-selection and beam splitting single photons, this coherence is non-local, resulting in correlated pairs of K-values that always sum up to zero. We can therefore observe both the correlations between the input photon number distributions and a complementary correlation between the output photon numbers of two DFTs to obtain a reliable characterization of the entanglement between the two multi-mode multi-photon systems. Importantly, the K-value allows a classification of large sets of possible photon number distributions, resulting in a significant simplification of the experimental evaluation of the multi-photon output statistics and opening up the road towards more efficient applications of non-classical multi-photon states

Quantum Communications and Quantum ImagingAug 30, 20170 citations

Comments on the two-photon interferometry

Fujio Shimizu

In this article we try to describe the physics of a standard optical interferometer fed by "quantum" photons in terms of primitive, nevertheless accurate formulation. We derive explicit interferene patterns and show how they vary depending on the input photon state.

arXiv:1603.08607Mar 29, 20160 citations