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Research in Optical Sciences

Multi-Photon Entanglement for Sub Shot-Noise Sensitivity

Christian Schwemmer, Roland Krischek, Witlef Wieczorek, Wiesław Laskowski, Philipp Hyllus, Luca Pezzè, Augusto Smerzi, Harald Weinfurter

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a general criterion to identify multi-photon entangled states useful for quantum metrology and prove their applicability for phase estimation with a sensitivity higher than the shot-noise limit.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2012.qm1a.2

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We experimentally demonstrate a general criterion to identify entangled states useful for the estimation of an unknown phase shift with a sensitivity higher than the shot-noise limit. We show how to exploit this entanglement on the examples of a maximum likelihood as well as of a Bayesian phase estimation protocol. Using an entangled four-photon state we achieve a phase sensitivity clearly beyond the shot-noise limit. Our detailed comparison of methods and quantum states for entanglement enhanced metrology reveals the connection between multiparticle entanglement and sub-shot-noise uncertainty, both in a frequentist and in a Bayesian phase estimation setting.
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Advancements in physics are often motivated/accompanied by advancements in our precision measurements abilities. The current generation of atomic and optical interferometers is limited by shot noise, a fundamental limit when estimating a phase shift with classical light or uncorrelated atoms. In the last years, it has been clarified that the creation of special quantum correlations among particles, which will be called here useful entanglement, can strongly enhance the interferometric sensitivity. Pioneer experiments have already demonstrated the basic principles. We are probably at the verge of a second quantum revolution where quantum mechanics of many-body systems is exploited to overcome the limitations of classical technologies. This review illustrates the deep connection between entanglement and sub shot noise sensitivity.