Quantum key distribution is the most secure and reliable way of generating key for public cryptography. Everyday engineers develop new protocols to ensure data protection. On the contrary, hackers also developed new ways to get into the systems. Quantum key distribution help users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this article, we present an introduction to BB84 & MKP16 protocols and list some of their shortcomings. Further, we try to find answers to these shortcomings with our High Yield Novel QKD (HYQKD) protocol. We wrote a QISKIT program to simulate HYQKD, BB84 & MKP16 protocols. We compared the novel QKD protocol with the existing BB84 & MKP16 protocols and compiled the results in terms of error rate and key length. With our comparison we concluded that BB84 protocol has the least Key rate and highest error rate, MKP16 has twice the key rate and half the error in comparison to BB84 and for novel QKD it depends upon the number of available channels and the number of Eve(s) attacking.
Quantum key distribution is the most secure and reliable way of generating key for public cryptography. Everyday engineers develop new protocols to ensure data protection. On the contrary, hackers also developed new ways to get into the systems. Quantum key distribution help users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this article, we present an introduction to BB84 & MKP16 protocols and list some of their shortcomings. Further, we try to find answers to these shortcomings with our High Yield Novel QKD (HYQKD) protocol. We wrote a QISKIT program to simulate HYQKD, BB84 & MKP16 protocols. We compared the novel QKD protocol with the existing BB84 & MKP16 protocols and compiled the results in terms of error rate and key length. With our comparison we concluded that BB84 protocol has the least Key rate and highest error rate, MKP16 has twice the key rate and half the error in comparison to BB84 and for novel QKD it depends upon the number of available channels and the number of Eve(s) attacking.
Abstract Quantum key distribution is considered to be the most secure and reliable way of generating keys for public cryptography. Quantum key distribution allows users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this article,bench-marked protocols, the BB84, B92 and MKP16 protocols are studied and analysed with focus to overcome their limitations. The authors then attempt to address these shortcomings with their own novel QKD protocol i.e High- Yield (HY-QKD) Protocol.All these protocols have been implemented and tested using QISKIT,taking into consideration error rate and key length as parameters. Based on the comparison, it has been analysed that B92 protocol has the lowest key rate, MKP16 protocol has twice the key generation rate as that of BB84 keeping this simulation environment constant. Moreover, an algorithm to enhance key generation rate and error rate has been proposed. It has been inspected that the key generation rate and error rate of the HY-QKD protocol directly depend on the number of available channels and the number of Eve(s) attacking. If there are no Eve(s) in the system the key generation rates for HY-QKD is multiple times higher in comparison to that of BB84 validating the proposed HY-QKD protocol.
Quantum key distribution is considered the most secure and reliable way to generate public cryptography keys. Quantum key distribution allows users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this Article, bench-marked protocols, such as the BB84 and B92 protocols, are studied and analysed with a focus on overcoming their limitations. The authors attempt to address these shortcomings with their novel QKD protocol, i.e. High-Yield (HY-QKD) Protocol. All these protocols have been implemented and tested using QISKIT, taking into consideration error rate and key length as parameters. Based on the comparison, it has been analysed that the B92 protocol has the lowest key rate, and by introducing multiple channels, the key generation rate increases significantly compared to our proposed High-Yield Quantum Key Distribution (HY-QKD) protocol. Error rates of BB84, B92 and HY-QKD (with Eve present in all the channels) are similar. The error rate in HY-QKD reduces significantly with an increase in the number of paths. If the number of paths is significantly high, Eve's presence in a few channels can be tolerated without affecting the communication. It has been inspected that the HY-QKD protocol’s key generation and error rates directly depend on the number of available channels and Eve(s) attacking. If there is no Eve(s) in the system, the key generation rates for HY-QKD are multiple times higher than that of BB84, validating the proposed HY-QKD protocol.
One promising way to use quantum information to secure everyday communication is through the distribution of quantum keys. By exchanging a secret key, the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) approach allows two parties to communicate securely.BB84 protocol is among the most well-known QKD protocols. In this protocol, qubits are exchanged via a quantum channel between the sender and the receiver. This enables them to produce a shared key that is impenetrable to eavesdroppers and illustrate the fundamental ideas of QKD using current simulations and implementations. The results of this study demonstrate that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD technique that has been investigated in great detail and used in a variety of contexts. Additionally, over the enhancements made to the BB84 protocol such as the use of advanced error correction techniques and decoy states to increase its security and usability is discussed. With an emphasis on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies, this study offers an extensive analysis of QKD systems overall.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique that enables secure communication between two parties by sharing a secret key. One of the most well-known QKD protocols is the BB84 protocol, proposed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. In this protocol, Alice and Bob use a quantum channel to exchange qubits, allowing them to generate a shared key that is resistant to eavesdropping. This paper presents a comparative study of existing QKD schemes, including the BB84 protocol, and highlights the advancements made in the BB84 protocol over the years. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different QKD schemes and their strengths and weaknesses and demonstrate QKDs working principles through existing simulations and implementations. Through this study, we show that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD scheme that has been extensively studied and implemented in various settings. Furthermore, we discuss the improvements made to the BB84 protocol to enhance its security and practicality, including the use of decoy states and advanced error correction techniques. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of QKD schemes, focusing on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is the name of cryptography in quantum environment act as the highest developed area in quantum communication and computing technology (QCIT). \n \nQKD is inventive technology which utilize the laws of quantum to create a cryptographic share key to make the communication system secure. The unique feature of QKD assures eavesdropping detectable during quantum communications which is fascinating for a high-level secure environment.Most of the traditional cryptographic methods which we use currently are based on mathematical scheme or Computational complexity theory which are not completely safe. Using quantum cryptography has been achieved extensive steps in communication security establishment. As the information Unit has been changed from “bit” to Quantum bit (Qubit), a new element has been offered that can guarantee the shared information confidentiality between parties. The confidentiality of system is established via exchanging a secret key through a channel of quantum, the key which we use for encrypting the shared data. This structure has quantum integration which has been developed by physics law and techniques of cryptography. \n \nThis thesis has proposed a modified version of QKD protocol, this new protocol will generate a cryptographic share key for a more efficient, lower cost and secure communication between two parties (sender and Receiver). This new protocol principal is similar to BBM92, but the source of photon moved to sender instead of third-party photon generator, following steps will be executed in this Experiment: \n \n•\tObserve different categories protocols of QKD in details \n•\tThe Quantum Mechanics Visualisation Project (QuVis) is the simulation software that has been used for implementing the proposed protocol [BB84 with spin] among the other three (BBM92, B92 and BB84). \n•\tProbability ratio of error will be tested and compared for all protocols, for this experiment 100 to 5000 photons will be sent. \n \nBy Analysing collected data in this experiment, it will be determined which one of this four protocols lead the detecting of eavesdropping. Simulation software accomplishes the value of error key probability which receiver can use and should not pass over the range limit of 0.25 & 0.5.
Quantum cryptography is the study of delivering secret communications across a quantum channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been recognized as the most important breakthrough in quantum cryptography. This process facilitates two distant parties to share secure communications based on physical laws. The BB84 protocol was developed in 1984 and remains the most widely used among BB92, Ekert91, COW, and SARG04 protocols. However the practical security of QKD with imperfect devices have been widely discussed, and there are many ways to guarantee that generated key by QKD still provides unconditional security. This paper proposed a novel method that allows users to communicate while generating the secure keys as well as securing the transmission without any leakage of the data. In this approach sender will never reveal her basis, hence neither the receiver nor the intruder will get knowledge of the fundamental basis.Further to detect Eve, polynomial interpolation is also used as a key verification technique. In order to fully utilize the quantum computing capabilities provided by IBM quantum computers, the protocol is executed using the Qiskit backend for 45 qubits. This article discusses a plot of % error against alpha (strength of eavesdropping). As a result, different types of noise have been included, and the success probability of the desired key bits has been determined. Furthermore, the success probability under depolarizing noise is explained for different qubit counts.Last but not least, even when the applied noise is increased to maximum capacity, a 50% probability of successful key generation is still observed in an experiment.