Quantum key distribution is considered the most secure and reliable way to generate public cryptography keys. Quantum key distribution allows users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this Article, bench-marked protocols, such as the BB84 and B92 protocols, are studied and analysed with a focus on overcoming their limitations. The authors attempt to address these shortcomings with their novel QKD protocol, i.e. High-Yield (HY-QKD) Protocol. All these protocols have been implemented and tested using QISKIT, taking into consideration error rate and key length as parameters. Based on the comparison, it has been analysed that the B92 protocol has the lowest key rate, and by introducing multiple channels, the key generation rate increases significantly compared to our proposed High-Yield Quantum Key Distribution (HY-QKD) protocol. Error rates of BB84, B92 and HY-QKD (with Eve present in all the channels) are similar. The error rate in HY-QKD reduces significantly with an increase in the number of paths. If the number of paths is significantly high, Eve's presence in a few channels can be tolerated without affecting the communication. It has been inspected that the HY-QKD protocol’s key generation and error rates directly depend on the number of available channels and Eve(s) attacking. If there is no Eve(s) in the system, the key generation rates for HY-QKD are multiple times higher than that of BB84, validating the proposed HY-QKD protocol.
Quantum key distribution is considered the most secure and reliable way to generate public cryptography keys. Quantum key distribution allows users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this Article, bench-marked protocols, such as the BB84 and B92 protocols, are studied and analysed with a focus on overcoming their limitations. The authors attempt to address these shortcomings with their novel QKD protocol, i.e. High-Yield (HY-QKD) Protocol. All these protocols have been implemented and tested using QISKIT, taking into consideration error rate and key length as parameters. Based on the comparison, it has been analysed that the B92 protocol has the lowest key rate, and by introducing multiple channels, the key generation rate increases significantly compared to our proposed High-Yield Quantum Key Distribution (HY-QKD) protocol. Error rates of BB84, B92 and HY-QKD (with Eve present in all the channels) are similar. The error rate in HY-QKD reduces significantly with an increase in the number of paths. If the number of paths is significantly high, Eve's presence in a few channels can be tolerated without affecting the communication. It has been inspected that the HY-QKD protocol’s key generation and error rates directly depend on the number of available channels and Eve(s) attacking. If there is no Eve(s) in the system, the key generation rates for HY-QKD are multiple times higher than that of BB84, validating the proposed HY-QKD protocol.
Abstract Quantum key distribution is considered to be the most secure and reliable way of generating keys for public cryptography. Quantum key distribution allows users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this article,bench-marked protocols, the BB84, B92 and MKP16 protocols are studied and analysed with focus to overcome their limitations. The authors then attempt to address these shortcomings with their own novel QKD protocol i.e High- Yield (HY-QKD) Protocol.All these protocols have been implemented and tested using QISKIT,taking into consideration error rate and key length as parameters. Based on the comparison, it has been analysed that B92 protocol has the lowest key rate, MKP16 protocol has twice the key generation rate as that of BB84 keeping this simulation environment constant. Moreover, an algorithm to enhance key generation rate and error rate has been proposed. It has been inspected that the key generation rate and error rate of the HY-QKD protocol directly depend on the number of available channels and the number of Eve(s) attacking. If there are no Eve(s) in the system the key generation rates for HY-QKD is multiple times higher in comparison to that of BB84 validating the proposed HY-QKD protocol.
Quantum key distribution is the most secure and reliable way of generating key for public cryptography. Everyday engineers develop new protocols to ensure data protection. On the contrary, hackers also developed new ways to get into the systems. Quantum key distribution help users to send and receive data with infallible security. In this article, we present an introduction to BB84 & MKP16 protocols and list some of their shortcomings. Further, we try to find answers to these shortcomings with our High Yield Novel QKD (HYQKD) protocol. We wrote a QISKIT program to simulate HYQKD, BB84 & MKP16 protocols. We compared the novel QKD protocol with the existing BB84 & MKP16 protocols and compiled the results in terms of error rate and key length. With our comparison we concluded that BB84 protocol has the least Key rate and highest error rate, MKP16 has twice the key rate and half the error in comparison to BB84 and for novel QKD it depends upon the number of available channels and the number of Eve(s) attacking.
Secure communication has become essential due to the rapid increase in cyber-attacks and data security threats in modern networks. Traditional communication systems mainly rely on classical security methods, which may become vulnerable to advanced attacks. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) improves secure communication by generating cryptographic keys using quantum principles, making key interception extremely difficult. In this work, a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) is integrated with classical communication to develop a hybrid quantum-classical communication framework. The QRNG generates highly random bits that improve authentication, randomness, and key security. The proposed system compares three QKD protocols: BB84, B92, and E91 using different bit sizes of 8000, 10000, and 13000 bits. The protocols are evaluated using important metrics such as QBER, key rate, entropy, erasure rate, throughput, and correlation. Experimental results show that all protocols achieved entropy values close to 1 and correlation values near zero, indicating strong randomness and secure key generation. Among the evaluated protocols, E91 achieved lower QBER values and higher key rates, while BB84 showed stable and reliable performance. B92 produced comparatively higher error rates under similar conditions. The throughput remained nearly 278–281 bits/sec across all experiments. A ranking-based analysis confirmed that E91 provides the best balance between security, efficiency, and communication performance, making it suitable for future quantum-secure communication systems.
Access to information can destroy nations and change the course of history altogether. Communication is very important, and in today's internet age, nothing moves without real-time information support. For securing communication, a commonly know technique is to use cryptography and public channels. Engineers have been working to create a better and more secure cryptographic system. Quantum key distribution stands at the top of this security system. Although QKD, based on principles of physics, provides a near-perfect security solution. It has a few drawbacks of its own, like low key generation rates and vulnerability to cyberattacks. Owning to these limitations, authors propose an adaptive quantum key distribution system based on software-defined networks. The authors propose to introduce redundancy in the key generation, thereby increasing the key generation rate and improving the resilience to cyberattacks. A performance comparison of novel quantum key distribution was done with BB84 and B92 quantum key distribution protocols.
Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security based on fundamental quantum principles. This paper presents a simulation-based analysis of well-known QKD protocols, namely BB84, B92, and E91, using the IBM Qiskit framework. Realistic quantum channel effects, including noise, decoherence, and eavesdropping, are modeled to evaluate protocol performance. Key metrics such as error rate, secret key generation, and security characteristics are analyzed and compared. The study highlights practical challenges in QKD implementation, including hardware limitations and channel losses, and discusses insights toward scalable and robust quantum communication systems. The results support the feasibility of QKD as a promising solution for secure communication in the quantum era.
Essential role of Internet-based communication is the security of information. Classical Cryptography is based on mathematical models and computational complexity to compute the secret key. It does not provide enough security because finding a fast method to calculate the secret key will compromise the security of the system. Quantum Key Distribution is one of the most promising methods which provide unconditional security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems, and QKD cannot separate from protocols BB84, B92 and BBM92. In this paper, we are testing the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol, and BBM92 using QuVis simulator software. The results show that the B92 protocol is more relevant in detecting eavesdropping in lower error rates than the other two protocols.