Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptography technique relying on the transmission and manipulation of quantum states to distribute secret information across multiple participants securely. However, quantum systems are susceptible to various types of noise that can compromise their security and reliability. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the influence of noise on QSS to ensure their effectiveness and practicality in real-world quantum communication. This paper studies the impact of various noisy environments on multi-dimensional QSS. Using quantum fidelity, we examine the influence of four noise models: d-phase-flip(dpf), dit-flip(df), amplitude damping(ad), and depolarizing(d). It has been discovered that the fidelity declines with an increase in the noise parameter. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the efficiency of the QSS protocol differs significantly across distinct noise models.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptography technique relying on the transmission and manipulation of quantum states to distribute secret information across multiple participants securely. However, quantum systems are susceptible to various types of noise that can compromise their security and reliability. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the influence of noise on QSS to ensure their effectiveness and practicality in real-world quantum communication. This paper studies the impact of various noisy environments on multi-dimensional QSS. Using quantum fidelity, we examine the influence of four noise models: d-phase-flip(dpf), dit-flip(df), amplitude damping(ad), and depolarizing(d). It has been discovered that the fidelity declines with an increase in the noise parameter. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the efficiency of the QSS protocol differs significantly across distinct noise models.
ABSTRACT Quantum secret sharing is a fundamental protocol for securely transmitting quantum as well as classical information. However, in practical quantum communication scenarios, the transmission of quantum information is inevitably influenced by environmental noise. Therefore, in this work, we analyze the robustness of multi‐dimensional quantum secret sharing schemes under four different noise models, namely amplitude damping (ad), depolarizing (d), dit flip (df), and phase flip (dpf). Each model captures a distinct type of quantum disturbance, providing insights into how different noise models affect the fidelity of secret reconstruction. In addition to state‐specific fidelity, we also evaluate the average fidelity over arbitrary pure qutrit secret states using the Haar, equivalently Fubini–Study, measure. This provides a state‐independent robustness indicator and allows a more meaningful comparison of the considered quantum secret sharing schemes when the dealer's secret state is arbitrary. Moreover, we observe that protocols involving a larger number of qudits generally exhibit higher implementation complexity and increased sensitivity to noise. Consequently, the fidelity degrades more rapidly. Moreover, it is observed that the amplitude damping noise shows the highest fidelity across most parameter ranges, suggesting a better preservation of quantum secret.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) ensures secure information distribution among multiple parties but is vulnerable to noise. We analyze the effects of bit-flip, phase-flip, and amplitudedamping noise on the multiparty QSS for classical message protocol proposed by Zhang et al. (Phys. Rev. A, 71:044301, 2005) and propose an efficient quantum error correction (QEC) implementation using a simplified Shor's code. By exploiting the particular structure of the QSS, we reduce the resource requirements from the default 9 qubits of Shor's code to as small as 3 qubits and still achieve a lower average error rate. Simulation results confirm that QEC enhances the protocol's robustness, making it more practical for real-world applications.
This work proposes a [Formula: see text]-dimensional quantum multi-secret sharing scheme with a cheat-detection mechanism. The dealer creates multiple secrets and distributes the shares of these secrets using multi-access structures and a monotone span program. The dealer detects the cheating of each participant using the black box’s cheat-detection mechanism. To detect the participants’ deceit, the dealer distributes secret shares’ shadows derived from a randomly invertible matrix [Formula: see text] to the participants, stored in the black box. The black box identifies the participant’s deceitful behavior during the secret recovery phase. Only honest participants authenticated by the black box acquire their secret shares to recover the multiple secrets. After the black box cheating verification, the participants reconstruct the secrets by utilizing the unitary operations and quantum Fourier transform. The proposed protocol is reliable in preventing attacks from eavesdroppers and participants. The scheme’s efficiency is demonstrated in different noise environments: dit-flip noise, [Formula: see text]-phase-flip noise and amplitude-damping noise, indicating its robustness in practical scenarios. The proposed protocol provides greater versatility, security and practicality.
Quantum state sharing plays an important role in both transmitting and protecting a quantum secret information. However, in a realistic situation, quantum communication protocol is inevitably affected by the decoherence and noise induced by the interaction between quantum system and environment, which often destroys quantum resource, such as degrading entangled state that is often used as the key resource of quantum communication. In this paper, we intend to investigate the influence of amplitude damping (AD) decoherence on multi-party qutrit-state sharing (MQSS) scheme. We firstly construct the noisy model of MQSS, and then analyze the effect of decoherence on the MQSS. In addition, the relation of variations between MQSS performance and quantum coherence is illustrated. Furthermore, we propose a partial measurement to enhance the performance of the MQSS under noisy environment.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing is an important branch of quantum cryptography. In this paper, we firstly propose a simple four-party quantum secret sharing scheme with entangled states. Since the noisy channel has a great influence on the shared quantum secret, we analyze the impact of the noisy channel on quantum secret sharing and obtain the expression among the fidelity, noisy coefficient and shared quantum state coefficients. To enhance the fidelity of the shared secret, we use the weak measurement method to protect the scheme in noisy environment. Furthermore, we analyze the fidelity between the obtained secret and the initial one after the amplitude damped channel. Finally, we take the concrete quantum state as an example to compare with the original way and find that the weak measurement method has a certain significance to improve the fidelity of the secret state in the scheme.
Since the good application of quantum mechanism in the field of communication, quantum secure communication has become a research hotspot. The existing quantum secure communication protocols usually assume that the quantum channel is noise-free. But the inevitable quantum noise in quantum channel will greatly interferes the transmission of quantum bits or quantum states, seriously damaging the security and reliability of the quantum system. This paper analyzes and discusses the performance of a χ state based steganography protocol under four main quantum noises, i.e., Amplitude Damping (AD), Phase damping (Phs), Bit Flip (BF) and Depolarizing (D). The results show that the protocol is least affected by amplitude damping noise when only the sender's first transmission in quantum channel is affected by quantum noise. Then, we analyze the performance of the protocol when both the sender's two transmissions are affected by quantum noise, and find that the specific combination of different noises will increase the performance of the protocol in quantum noisy channel. This means that an extra quantum noise can be intentionally added to quantum channel according to the noise intensity, so that the protocol can improve performance under the influence of quantum noises. Finally, the detailed mathematical analysis proves the conclusions.