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Trudy Universiteta

Analysis of Existing Methods for Enduring the Protection of Information in Fiber-optic Communication Lines

Madiyar MUSAGAZHINOV, Ali Mekhtiyev, Alexey V. Yurchenko

Published Dec 26, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of protection against unauthorised access to data is considered and the results of comparing existing methods of extracting data from optical fibreare presented, the possibility to develop algorithms and identification principles that would help control information leakage channels in fibre-optic transmission systems. Developments to solve the problem of information security, in two directions are described. The classification of methods of obtaining information, the physical principles of formation of leakage channels, as well as the methodology for transmitting the proportion of optical radiation outside the propagation environment, as well as the structure, principles of operation, and trends in the development of monitoring systems are presented. Both the advantages and limitations of methods are described. Information is given about the proposed analysis system based on a neural network for more accurate detection of unauthorised connection to the network.

DOI
10.52209/1609-1825_2023_4_386

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•Dec 3, 2022•0 citations
The problem of protection against unauthorised access to data is considered and the results of comparing existing methods of extracting data from optical fibreare presented, the possibility to develop algorithms and identification principles that would help control information leakage channels in fibre-optic transmission systems. Developments to solve the problem of information security, in two directions are described. The classification of methods of obtaining information, the physical principles of formation of leakage channels, as well as the methodology for transmitting the proportion of optical radiation outside the propagation environment, as well as the structure, principles of operation, and trends in the development of monitoring systems are presented. Both the advantages and limitations of methods are described. Information is given about the proposed analysis system based on a neural network for more accurate detection of unauthorised connection to the network.
Current solutions used for protection of information transmitted in fibre optic networks are based on direct detection of fibre optic cable eavesdropping and encryption of transmitted information. Protection of fibre optic cables from physical intrusion in to the transmission channel is realized on dark optical fibres, not used in the transmission of information. Security of encrypted information is based on the assumption of limited computing power used for cryptanalysis, what with the introduction of operating quantum computers will cease to apply. So ideal solution for information protection is physical it coding that makes eavesdropping near to impossible, in the same time allows of constant monitoring of fibre physical integrity. The article describes the construction and principle of operation used in fibre optic pulse interferometer, that allows to detect mechanical disorders of fibre optic transmission line with simultaneous transmission of information. Operation of the system relies on encoding information in phase of optical radiation pulses and for monitoring the status of the transmission line by analysis polarization of radiation in interferometer. System configuration provides stabilized work of pulse interferometer over several kilometres, under varying environmental conditions. Unique capabilities of detection system enable the use of two independent criteria for alarm signal excitation. The aim of the study was to determine the security degree provided by system to protection of transmitted information in proposed arrangement.
Solving the problem of ensuring the information security of the fiber-optics systems requires an analysis of possible methods of unauthorized access. Improving the technology of installation and operation of the fiber-optics systems not only enhances the quality and distance of information transmission over an optical cable, but also potentially expands the range of channels for possible leakage of information transmitted through it. Improving the construct of the optical fibers, the use of such technologies as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), necessitates a complex analysis of increasing the information capacity and security of fiber-optics systems from unauthorized access. The paper compares the security of the fiber-optics systems built on the standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and dispersion shifted fiber (DSF). It is shown that, despite of the possibility of a higher information capacity, fiber-optics systems built on DSF require more careful control to avoid unauthorized access than in the case of using standard SSMF.
The development of communication technology is currently progressing at an extremely rapid pace. One of the most widely applied technologies for data transmission is fiber optic communication, which uses light as the transmission medium. This technology enables data to be transmitted at very high speeds. However, in the process of data transmission, a security mechanism is required to protect information from unauthorized access. Attacks on fiber optic networks can lead to significant alterations in the data received compared to the data sent by the transmitter. This poses a serious risk, particularly when the transmitted data is confidential. Two methods that can be employed to secure fiber optic networks are Optical Steganography and Optical Encryption. The working principle of Optical Steganography involves hiding signals in public channels, while Optical Encryption functions by encrypting the transmitted signals. Both methods can be implemented using OptiSystem software. According to the results of this study, Optical Encryption demonstrates a higher level of reliability compared to Optical Steganography. Optical Encryption achieved a Q-Factor value of 14.65 and a BER of 6.55×10−49. In terms of Q-Factor, Optical Encryption is shown to be 16.3% more effective than Optical Steganography and 90.4% more efficient compared to designs without a security system.
Every year increases the amount of confidential information that is transmitted in optical communication networks. To ensure safe transmission of confidential information fiber optic lines are the most suitable. It is determined that the electromagnetic field of the light wave does not go beyond the optical fiber. However, under certain circumstances, interception of optical signal on the bend of the fibers is entirely possible. Thus, for the creation of optical lines with high level of information security are necessary additional measures. To this aim, in the proposed use of masking optical linear code by increasing the numbers of units are used passive components such as optical delay lines and optical splitters. The method allow increasing the number of units of code combinations to be transferred, and thus make it impossible for an adequate interpretation of the information. The advantage of the method is that the protection device is completely passive, and therefore reliable, and can be connected directly to the input and output of optical linear tract. Moreover, these devices do not require adjustment.
In this paper the methods of data protection for developed by authors earlier multichannel system of quantum secure communication are proposed. These methods allow closing the intercepted data from the unauthorized user. The simulation model of quantum secure communication system on optical fiber is developed. This model depends on three parameters: probabilities of an error in the fiber optic channel, time of detection of unauthorized connection to the fiber optic line and transmission rate. Results of modeling for two methods of data protection are presented.