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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Safety of data exchange in pulse interferometer

Mateusz Karol, M. Życzkowski, M. Szustakowski

Published Feb 10, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Current solutions used for protection of information transmitted in fibre optic networks are based on direct detection of fibre optic cable eavesdropping and encryption of transmitted information. Protection of fibre optic cables from physical intrusion in to the transmission channel is realized on dark optical fibres, not used in the transmission of information. Security of encrypted information is based on the assumption of limited computing power used for cryptanalysis, what with the introduction of operating quantum computers will cease to apply. So ideal solution for information protection is physical it coding that makes eavesdropping near to impossible, in the same time allows of constant monitoring of fibre physical integrity. The article describes the construction and principle of operation used in fibre optic pulse interferometer, that allows to detect mechanical disorders of fibre optic transmission line with simultaneous transmission of information. Operation of the system relies on encoding information in phase of optical radiation pulses and for monitoring the status of the transmission line by analysis polarization of radiation in interferometer. System configuration provides stabilized work of pulse interferometer over several kilometres, under varying environmental conditions. Unique capabilities of detection system enable the use of two independent criteria for alarm signal excitation. The aim of the study was to determine the security degree provided by system to protection of transmitted information in proposed arrangement.

DOI
10.1117/12.2271034

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The rules of quantum physics are now fairly well understood and indisputable. On the basis of these principles are built safety systems to guarantee unconditional security of data transmission. This is possible due to the random behavior of the measured photon. Theorems of quantum mechanics are used currently in Quantum Key Distribution systems to determine the encryption key of cryptographic systems. Sending the single photons through the interferometer it is possible to determine the probability distribution of a photon detection at a given output depending on the interferometer imbalance. The use of single photon interference allows reduce the probability of detection of the transmission line protection. Additionally it provides high safety of transmitted information and minor disturbances. The quantum sensor can be a device which allows effectively protect transmission lines. In this paper we demonstrate measurement results of the using single-photon interferometers in security systems and potential capabilities use of such sensors.
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Finding effective ways of critical infrastructure object protection requires more recent and more sophisticated security systems. Particularly important security aspects are information protection and perimeter security. Development of a new quantum technology, both in quantum computing and quantum cryptography, gives the necessary technology needed to build single photon optic fiber systems. The authors would like to present concepts of using single photon interferometers to protect infrastructure facilities which, in particular, take into account optical fiber transmission lines. The conducted analysis of what is available on market systems and the expected single photon sensor’s properties in terms of security and information show a drop in detection. We also compared the degree of systems ’ complexities in terms of system security and difficulties associated with devices ’ construction and installation in transmission lines. The paper presents the main principles of single-photon interference, the operation and construction of single photon systems in the detection and generation of single photons for the purpose of commercial systems. The concept will be described as perimeter protection and the protection of a transmission line by a single photon sensor. The authors discuss the proposed construction and operation of the proposed fiber optic single photon interferometer as a protection sensor. They also try to bring the possibility of using the sensor in areas other than the protection of transmission lines and compare the predicted properties of single photon sensor currently implemented solutions in the field of fiber optic sensors for perimeter protection.