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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Pulse interferometer in protection of telecommunication lines

Mateusz Karol, M. Życzkowski, M. Szustakowski, Piotr Markowski

Published Sep 2, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

On of the approach to the subject of security is the protection of transmission lines by sensing devices. But in this case protection is limited by detection properties of used sensors. Ideal solution providing completely safe transmission would be a combination of sensing signal with transmitted data. Unfortunately, pulse sensor solutions are not widely used in fiber optic protection. In this paper authors presents solution that can provide higher level of security in data transmission. Team of authors conducted a study on use of pulse interferometer system for transmission line protection and a combination of sensing signal with encoded transmitted data. Analysis of pulse interferometer properties in terms of information security and ability to readout of transmitted data. There is also consideration of using the sensor in areas other than transmission lines protection. Analysis of pulse interferometer properties in terms of information security and ability to readout of transmitted data. There is also consideration of using the sensor in areas other than transmission lines protection.

DOI
10.1117/12.2244594

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On of the approach to the subject of security is the protection of transmission lines by sensing devices. But in this case protection is limited by detection properties of used sensors. Ideal solution providing completely safe transmission would be a combination of sensing signal with transmitted data. Unfortunately, pulse sensor solutions are not widely used in fiber optic protection. In this paper authors presents solution that can provide higher level of security in data transmission. Team of authors conducted a study on use of pulse interferometer system for transmission line protection and a combination of sensing signal with encoded transmitted data. Analysis of pulse interferometer properties in terms of information security and ability to readout of transmitted data. There is also consideration of using the sensor in areas other than transmission lines protection. Analysis of pulse interferometer properties in terms of information security and ability to readout of transmitted data. There is also consideration of using the sensor in areas other than transmission lines protection.
Current solutions used for protection of information transmitted in fibre optic networks are based on direct detection of fibre optic cable eavesdropping and encryption of transmitted information. Protection of fibre optic cables from physical intrusion in to the transmission channel is realized on dark optical fibres, not used in the transmission of information. Security of encrypted information is based on the assumption of limited computing power used for cryptanalysis, what with the introduction of operating quantum computers will cease to apply. So ideal solution for information protection is physical it coding that makes eavesdropping near to impossible, in the same time allows of constant monitoring of fibre physical integrity. The article describes the construction and principle of operation used in fibre optic pulse interferometer, that allows to detect mechanical disorders of fibre optic transmission line with simultaneous transmission of information. Operation of the system relies on encoding information in phase of optical radiation pulses and for monitoring the status of the transmission line by analysis polarization of radiation in interferometer. System configuration provides stabilized work of pulse interferometer over several kilometres, under varying environmental conditions. Unique capabilities of detection system enable the use of two independent criteria for alarm signal excitation. The aim of the study was to determine the security degree provided by system to protection of transmitted information in proposed arrangement.
Finding effective ways of critical infrastructure object protection requires more recent and more sophisticated security systems. Particularly important security aspects are information protection and perimeter security. Development of a new quantum technology, both in quantum computing and quantum cryptography, gives the necessary technology needed to build single photon optic fiber systems. The authors would like to present concepts of using single photon interferometers to protect infrastructure facilities which, in particular, take into account optical fiber transmission lines. The conducted analysis of what is available on market systems and the expected single photon sensor’s properties in terms of security and information show a drop in detection. We also compared the degree of systems ’ complexities in terms of system security and difficulties associated with devices ’ construction and installation in transmission lines. The paper presents the main principles of single-photon interference, the operation and construction of single photon systems in the detection and generation of single photons for the purpose of commercial systems. The concept will be described as perimeter protection and the protection of a transmission line by a single photon sensor. The authors discuss the proposed construction and operation of the proposed fiber optic single photon interferometer as a protection sensor. They also try to bring the possibility of using the sensor in areas other than the protection of transmission lines and compare the predicted properties of single photon sensor currently implemented solutions in the field of fiber optic sensors for perimeter protection.
The rules of quantum physics are now fairly well understood and indisputable. On the basis of these principles are built safety systems to guarantee unconditional security of data transmission. This is possible due to the random behavior of the measured photon. Theorems of quantum mechanics are used currently in Quantum Key Distribution systems to determine the encryption key of cryptographic systems. Sending the single photons through the interferometer it is possible to determine the probability distribution of a photon detection at a given output depending on the interferometer imbalance. The use of single photon interference allows reduce the probability of detection of the transmission line protection. Additionally it provides high safety of transmitted information and minor disturbances. The quantum sensor can be a device which allows effectively protect transmission lines. In this paper we demonstrate measurement results of the using single-photon interferometers in security systems and potential capabilities use of such sensors.
This article presents the single photon fiber optic sensor for detecting interferences of the transmission line. With the growing popularity of the use of fiber optic communication systems, there is a need to protect transmission lines against unauthorized interference and data interception. Classical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows to transfer quantum key and interrupt transmission when it detects interference. The use of proven as safe protocols BB84 in conjunction with currently used encryption techniques provide better data safety. However, due to lack of evidence on the safety of transmission using commercial QKD systems, their apply to the protection of classified information is currently impossible. Support these assumptions are carried out so far successful attacks on QKD systems. These statements do not mean impossibility of implementing these systems for the protection of classified information in the future. Our team proposes a solution consisting in transmitting information in fiber optic track with simultaneous implementation of a single photon sensor, developmentally impaired with the location of the interference place. The greatest yield of this method is to detect the intruder, who is unaware of its detection. To optimize and accelerate the testing, a simulation program that allows you to adjust the operating parameters of the sensor system and verification of performance of laboratory systems has been developed. Execution of simulation, helps in the selection of appropriate elements of the actual configuration and in comparison to obtained results. This work contains the results of the test operation of the system for disorders of mechanical and manual as well as performed simulations.
Every year increases the amount of confidential information that is transmitted in optical communication networks. To ensure safe transmission of confidential information fiber optic lines are the most suitable. It is determined that the electromagnetic field of the light wave does not go beyond the optical fiber. However, under certain circumstances, interception of optical signal on the bend of the fibers is entirely possible. Thus, for the creation of optical lines with high level of information security are necessary additional measures. To this aim, in the proposed use of masking optical linear code by increasing the numbers of units are used passive components such as optical delay lines and optical splitters. The method allow increasing the number of units of code combinations to be transferred, and thus make it impossible for an adequate interpretation of the information. The advantage of the method is that the protection device is completely passive, and therefore reliable, and can be connected directly to the input and output of optical linear tract. Moreover, these devices do not require adjustment.
The growing awareness of the vulnerability of information transmitted on communication systems within the government, military and commercial sectors, has stimulated a number of areas of research within the optical community to design optical hardware encryption systems providing inherent immunity to espionage techniques. This paper describes a hardware optical encryption technique that utilises off the shelf telecommunication equipment and negates the necessity for an independent key distribution system with respect to the data transmission system, as is common with alternative encryption system implementations. This method also lends itself easily to fiber optic or free space communication and is applicable within any optical waveband. The encryption-decryption of the optical signal is achieved through low coherence optical interferometry. This requires the instantaneous processing and analysis of the signal, optically, to retrieve the relevant optical phase information hidden in the transmitted optical noise. This technology allows an authorised user to transmit encrypted information at a high data rate securely, while maintaining opaqueness to an unauthorised observer that data transmission is occurring. As the instantaneous optical field properties of the signals present in the system are essential to the optical encryption - decryption process, the system is inherently protected against electronic recording and advances in computational decryption algorithms. For organisations wishing to protect sensitive data and levels of communication activity these are highly desirable features.