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Physica Scripta

Secure nano-communication framework using RSCV cryptographic circuit in IBM Q

Arpita Kundu, Jadav Chandra Das, Bikash Debnath, Debashis De, Angsuman Sarkar

Published Dec 19, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In the cryptographic domain, quantum and its real-time hardware simulation make it easier to secure data during communication. Here, using quantum logic, a unique encryption technique called Reversible select, cross, and variation (RSCV) encryption and decryption, which involves swapping input data halves, is shown. In this article using IBM Q, we created a cryptographic encoder and decoder circuit design utilizing various quantum gates. Based on the encoder/decoder circuit, a simple nanocommunication framework is proposed. Further, to explore the application of the noise model, how to utilize this model to create noisy replicas of these quantum circuits to research the impacts of noise that occur for actual device output is shown. To reduce measurement mistakes, measurement calibration is performed using qiskit ignis model. Preparing all 2n basis input states and calculating the likelihood of counting in the other basis states are the key concepts. The percentage improvement we achieved is 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively, compared to earlier ones, in RSCV encryption, decryption, and RSCV cryptographic communication architecture for fake provider noise error model. It is feasible to adjust the average outcomes of an additional interesting experiment using these calibrations.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ad1740

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Abstract In the cryptographic domain, quantum and its real-time hardware simulation make it easier to secure data during communication. Here, using quantum logic, a unique encryption technique called Reversible select, cross, and variation (RSCV) encryption and decryption, which involves swapping input data halves, is shown. In this article using IBM Q, we created a cryptographic encoder and decoder circuit design utilizing various quantum gates. Based on the encoder/decoder circuit, a simple nanocommunication framework is proposed. Further, to explore the application of the noise model, how to utilize this model to create noisy replicas of these quantum circuits to research the impacts of noise that occur for actual device output is shown. To reduce measurement mistakes, measurement calibration is performed using qiskit ignis model. Preparing all 2n basis input states and calculating the likelihood of counting in the other basis states are the key concepts. The percentage improvement we achieved is 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively, compared to earlier ones, in RSCV encryption, decryption, and RSCV cryptographic communication architecture for fake provider noise error model. It is feasible to adjust the average outcomes of an additional interesting experiment using these calibrations.
The principles of quantum physics serve as the foundation for the power of quantum computing technologies. Since these events lack a classical counterpart, conventional computers cannot provide comparable outcomes. Future studies are dominated by the rapidly expanding field of quantum technology application. Its popularity has increased as a result of several unique features that are missing in traditional domains. Real-time quantum computing makes it easy to design and apply unique quantum layouts on accessible quantum computing platforms. Quantum machines claim to possess high computing power in the field of cryptography. Expertise in communication security has helped this area grow significantly over time. A novel method of data encryption termed SCV (select, cross, and variation), based on input data halves swapping, is shown here utilizing the reversible quantum logic. Using a variety of quantum gates, we created this technique in this study in IBM Quantum. The developed method is applied to several quantum simulators; the quality is compared concerning frequency, no. of qubits, run time, and quantum volume (QV).
Using cryptography correctly is crucial in the current situation to safeguard data and ensure data security during data transfer. In this digital era, messages must be appropriately encrypted and decoded to prevent data misuse and ensure its accessibility to the intended recipient. Conventional cryptography techniques mostly depend on the mathematical intricacy of the encoding functions and the shared key. One such encoding approach that we may take into consideration is the Vigenere cipher algorithm. In this study, we want to apply this strategy utilizing reversible logic with the assistance of two helpful tools, namely, IBM Quantum (IBMQ) and QCADesigner. The encoder and decoder circuits for the Vigenere cipher are therefore proposed in this work in QCADesigner by utilizing Peres and DG gates in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) that consist of a single layer with 42 cells for encryption and 47 cells for decryption. The proposed circuit outperforms the existing ones concerning area, cell count and latency. Given that the layouts’ energy consumption is assessed, it is guaranteed that the QCA nanodevice might serve as a stand-in platform for the creation of reversible circuits. The same simulation outcome was also obtained while building the identical circuits in a quantum presentation using IBMQ. The two applications are closely connected and both rely on quantum concepts. The outcomes are therefore verified for each of the two situations. The reversible Vigenere cipher technique enhances data security. Further sophisticated low-power nanoscale lossless nanocommunication architecture may be created with the help of the suggested circuits.
Abstract Security of information is an important issue during the transmission of information. The device that performs the encoding and decoding process is called the encoder and decoder, respectively. The major issues to develop such devices are circuit complexity and power dissipation at the nanoscale level. This can be fixed by utilising the features of reversible logic with Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) device as a promising archetype for an alternative to the traditional transistor‐based device. QCA has high protection against side‐channel attacks, especially from power analysis attacks. All those features of QCA influence the researchers to explore several QCA‐based cryptographic models of nanocommunication for secure data transmission. Here, the existing QCA‐based circuits for cryptographic architecture are explored and compared concerning their circuit complexity, device area, and operating speeds. The working principles of each of those existing architectures have been demonstrated in detail. Besides, the embedding of reversible logic in QCA cryptographic architecture is also explored. The architectures are compared in terms of the logic used in the design. Finally, the major key issues are identified and addressed in the context of cryptographic models for future secure data transmission processes.
Quantum cryptography using the BB84 protocol is at the forefront of modern secure communication. This paper emphasizes on BB84 protocol and its role in secure key distribution utilizing the Qiskit libraries in Python to simulate Quantum Key distribution (QKD). This QKD is then applied to the One-Time Pad algorithm for message encryption and decryption. Ensuring data confidentiality and integrity and is difficult due to advanced cyber threats and the potential of quantum computing to undermine traditional cryptographic methods. Current encryption techniques are susceptible to quantum related attacks, risking the decryption of sensitive data. Alice (sender) and Bob (receiver) use classical encryption to communicate but eavesdropper Eve with quantum capabilities, can potentially decrypt their messages. This vulnerability affects critical data security in finance, healthcare, and national security, making robust cryptographic solutions essential for maintaining trust and safety in digital communications. Our work emphasis the utilization of the quantum key generated by employing the BB84 protocol with the help of Qiskit library in python as cipher text in the process of one time pad encryption and decryption. This encrypted data dispatched between the sender and receiver to ensure maximum security, confidentiality and integrity over the period of communication.
The realization of Quantum computers could significantly affect society and global security in many ways. A considerable amount of research has been on quantum cryptography - machines that exploit quantum computerized sensations to solve mathematical problems inaccessible to conventional computers. The flourishing 6th generation of 'Quantum computing' can break and threaten much of the current established protection and digital economy, but may provide cryptographic alternatives. Thus, we are able to optimize various processes more effectively, improving efficiency and enabling faster quantum mechanical simulations for better drug and material design, among other applications. This research focuses on implementing a post-quantum cryptographic algorithm by connecting large-number Quantum multiplication with a quantum random number generator (QRNG). A code-based cryptographic approach using a Quantum Fourier Transformation (QFT) is taken with a giant asymmetric key in an explicit quantum circuit to establish a secure quantum communication system. In this research work, a 'plain text' (classical data) has been encrypted with QRNG using a Quantum multiplier with the aid of quantum arithmetic. Consequently, the resultant quantum data with QRNG data will be transmitted to the receiver end through the quantum channel, where the quantum divider decrypts the same. Furthermore, each intended component's IBM Qiskit simulation results and comparative analysis with previous works and algorithms suggest more robustness and reliability of the proposed quantum proof algorithm when considering large qubit quantum devices. The work provides a valuable direction for further developments in this domain and paves the way for future applications of quantum computing in post-quantum cryptography.
In today’s world, security in data communication has become a top-most priority in every organization. In general, cryptography is defined as the methodology to ensure data is secure by employing suitable encryption and decryption techniques. On the transmitter side, the original message is encrypted using a key. Then the encrypted data is decrypted with the duplicate key at the receiver side as per the accepted protocol between the two parties. In conventional cryptographic techniques, eavesdropping is prevented from accessing the contents of encrypted message by employing certain mathematical function and techniques, but this security methodology does not guarantee any key security. In many scenarios, a secure communication link is established by using a key, but a third party with a bad intent may steal the session keys, giving rise to data security, getting compromised. So in this regard, quantum cryptography is a better alternative when it comes to data security integrity. In this research, a detail about quantum cryptography is elaborated on, and also discussed are various concepts like single photon protocol, loss of data in quantum computing, how quantum is affecting computer communication systems. In conventional cryptographic methodology of data transmission and reception, there is always a probability of eavesdropping leading to the compromising of data integrity and security. The solution to this problem can be obtained by integrating the quantum cryptographic technique with data at the sender as well as the receiver, to detect and minimize various errors by employing suitable bit error scheme. This involves the usage of programming language specific to quantum computing like qcl and quipper to achieve efficient encryption and decryption with faster processing capability.