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International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)

Separable Fuzzy Models

Яхъяева Гульнара Эркиновна

Published Nov 10, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the directions of application of the theory of fuzzy models is model-theoretic formalization of quantum computing. The central concept of quantum computing is quantum entanglement. A quantum system is considered to be unentangled or separable if the results of measurements of some elements of the system do not depend on measurements of other elements.Fuzzy Model can be considered as a generalization of quantum system. The paper deals with the generalization of the separability property of the system to the case of arbitrary Fuzzy Model. The definition of Fuzzy Separable Model is given. It is proved that under given initial conditions (atomic diagram of the model) there exists not more than one Separable Fuzzy Model. The criterion, which the distribution function of a fuzzy model must have in order for this model to become separable, is described. The notion of the rank of the Separable Model is introduced, which can be regarded as a measure of entropy of fuzziness of the Separable Model.

DOI
10.1109/apeie59731.2023.10347792

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One of the directions of application of the theory of fuzzy models is model-theoretic formalization of quantum computing. The central concept of quantum computing is quantum entanglement. A quantum system is considered to be unentangled or separable if the results of measurements of some elements of the system do not depend on measurements of other elements.Fuzzy Model can be considered as a generalization of quantum system. The paper deals with the generalization of the separability property of the system to the case of arbitrary Fuzzy Model. The definition of Fuzzy Separable Model is given. It is proved that under given initial conditions (atomic diagram of the model) there exists not more than one Separable Fuzzy Model. The criterion, which the distribution function of a fuzzy model must have in order for this model to become separable, is described. The notion of the rank of the Separable Model is introduced, which can be regarded as a measure of entropy of fuzziness of the Separable Model.
Fuzzy model theory is an alternative approach to formalizing uncertainty and/or incompleteness of knowledge to the formalization using fuzzy sets proposed by Lotfi Zadeh. This approach to information processing is also applied in quantum computing. All quantum computations are conducted under the assumption of incomplete knowledge and only at the last stage the measurement (i.e. digitization) of the obtained results is performed. The paper describes a model-theoretic formalization of a pure quantum system in the language of fuzzy model theory. It is shown that the fuzzy model can be considered as a generalization of the concept of quantum system. One of the central concepts of quantum computing is quantum entanglement. A quantum system is considered to be non-entangled or separable if the results of measurements of some elements of the system do not depend on measurements of other elements. The paper introduces the concept of entangled and partially entangled fuzzy system, formulates and proves the criteria of entanglement of a fuzzy system.
When developing and operating quantum computers, it is necessary to be able to check quantum registers for the presence of quantum entanglement between its subsystems, due to which quantum computers gain computational advantage in solving many problems over classical computers. The state in which a quantum system consists of two or more subsystems that are not entangled with each other is called separable.In this article, we provide an overview of various existing approaches to solving the problem of determining separability in a quantum system. To do this, we provide an overview of works on this topic, describing both established and new approaches, highlighting directions in which new possibilities for solving the problem can be explored. We provide a definition of the problem of checking a system for separability, based on which we describe several applicable separability criteria. We provide a model-theoretic approach to solving the separability problem, describing a quantum system as a blurry model.
Given an arbitrary statistical theory, different from quantum mechanics, how to decide which are the nonclassical correlations? We present a formal framework which allows for a definition of nonclassical correlations in such theories, alternative to the current one. This enables one to formulate extrapolations of some important quantum mechanical features via adequate extensions of reciprocal maps relating states of a system with states of its subsystems. These extended maps permit one to generalize i) separability measures to any arbitrary statistical model as well as ii) previous entanglement criteria. The standard definition of entanglement becomes just a particular case of the ensuing, more general notion.
We study the properties of quantum entropy and -capacity (regarded as a function of sets of quantum states) in the infinite-dimensional case. We obtain conditions for the boundedness and continuity of the restriction of the entropy to a subset of quantum states, as well as conditions for the existence of the state with maximal entropy in certain subsets. The notion of -capacity is considered for an arbitrary subset of states. The existence of an optimal average is proved for an arbitrary subset with finite -capacity. We obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of an optimal measure and prove a generalized maximal distance property.
It is known that the classical framework of causal models is not general enough to allow for causal reasoning about quantum systems. While the framework has been generalized in a variety of different ways to the quantum case, much of this work leaves open whether causal concepts are fundamental to quantum theory, or only find application at an emergent level of classical devices and measurement outcomes. Here, we present a framework of quantum causal models, with causal relations defined in terms intrinsic to quantum theory, and the central object of study being the quantum process itself. Following Allen et al., Phys. Rev. X 7, 031021 (2017), the approach defines quantum causal relations in terms of unitary evolution, in a way analogous to an approach to classical causal models that assumes underlying determinism and situates causal relations in functional dependences between variables. We show that any unitary quantum circuit has a causal structure corresponding to a directed acyclic graph, and that when marginalising over local noise sources, the resulting quantum process satisfies a Markov condition with respect to the graph. We also prove a converse to this statement. We introduce an intrinsically quantum notion that plays a role analogous to the conditional independence of classical variables, and (generalizing a central theorem of the classical framework) show that d-separation is sound and complete for it in the quantum case. We present generalizations of the three rules of the classical do-calculus, in each case relating a property of the causal structure to a formal property of the quantum process, and to an operational statement concerning the outcomes of interventions. In addition, we introduce and derive similar results for classical split-node causal models, which are more closely analogous to quantum causal models than the classical causal models that are usually studied.