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Frontiers in Optics

Novel optical fibers for mid-infrared single-photon sources

Shruti Jain, Deepak Jain

Published Jan 1, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate different glasses and fiber designs to explore the possibility of mid-infrared single photon sources. Several optimized fibers exploiting zero dispersion wavelengths to meet the phase-matching conditions have been achieved to generate single photons.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2023.jm7a.124

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We report novel ZBLAN fibers exploiting SpFWM, generating single-photons in the 3 to4μ m4 \mu\ \mathrm{m}4μ mrange. The phase-matching condition can be fulfilled by choosing suitable spatial mode profiles for signal, pump, and idler wavelengths.
Near-infrared (NIR) single-photon sources have become the backbone of quantum technology. There is further potential to demonstrate the next-generation quantum technology applications by extending the wavelengths to the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region. This interest is driven by the extraordinary characteristics of the mid-IR wavelength spectrum. In this paper, we propose germania-doped and ZBLAN fibers that exploit spontaneous four-wave mixing (SpFWM) to generate a single photon-pair in the ∼2 µm to ∼3.5 µm wavelength range. The phase-matching conditions at different wavelengths can be achieved by employing both the same-mode and mixed-mode schemes (intra and intermodal) for the idler, pump, and signal wavelengths. For the intramodal scheme, we exploited the fiber’s high NA to produce closely spaced non-degenerate modes (such as LP 11a /LP 11b and LP 21a /LP 21b ) and then used combinations of these modes (from LP 11a to LP 11b or LP 21a to LP 21b ) for all three signal, pump, and idler wavelengths to achieve the phase-matching. For the intermodal scheme, we borrowed different modes for the signal, pump (including different modes for both pump photons), and idler wavelengths. The mixed-mode schemes allow for a larger core and provide greater flexibility in tuning the idler and signal wavelengths to mitigate the effects of Raman scattering and residual pump photons (∼20–25 THz from the pump frequency), albeit with increased complexity and reduced efficiency. We developed an understanding of the mixed-mode phase-matching scheme and built a model to optimize mode selection for phase-matching. Our investigations reveal, for the first time, the untapped potential of fiber-based mid-IR entangled single photon-pair generation.