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Journal of quantum computing

A Protocol for Conversion of Path-Spin to Spin-Spin Quantum Entanglement

Indranil Bayal, Pradipta Panchadhyayee

Published Jan 1, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The present model deals with a protocol which involves the generation and conversion of entanglement from path-spin (P-S) hybrid entanglement associated with half-spin particle to spin-spin (S-S) interparticle entanglement. This protocol finds its applications in quantum information processing via a series of operations which include a beam splitter, spin flipper, spin measurement, classical channel, unitary transformations. Finally, it leads to two particles having completely entangled spin variables, without any requirement of any simultaneous operation on the two particles.

DOI
10.32604/jqc.2023.045164

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The present model deals with a protocol which involves the generation and conversion of entanglement from path-spin (P-S) hybrid entanglement associated with half-spin particle to spin-spin (S-S) interparticle entanglement. This protocol finds its applications in quantum information processing via a series of operations which include a beam splitter, spin flipper, spin measurement, classical channel, unitary transformations. Finally, it leads to two particles having completely entangled spin variables, without any requirement of any simultaneous operation on the two particles.
Based on a scheme that produces an entanglement between the spin and the path variables of a single spin-1/2 particle (qubit) using a beam-splitter and a spin-flipper, we formulate a procedure for transferring this intraparticle hybrid entanglement to an interparticle entanglement between the spin variables of two other spatially separated spin-1/2 particles which never interact with each other during the entire process. This procedure of entanglement swapping is accomplished by a Mach-Zehnder setup in conjunction with the Stern-Gerlach measuring device, using suitable unitary operations. The proposed protocol, thus, enables the use of intraparticle entanglement as a resource - a feature that has remained unexplored.
We propose a protocol for transferring photons of unknown states to a distant location using path-polarization hybrid entanglement. Our protocol uses a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), a beam splitter (BS), a CNOT-operation, four unitary operations and polarizing detectors. In our protocol, the hybrid entangled states are generated by the PBS, and it is transmitted through the quantum channel containing the BS and CNOT-gate. The measurement results of the polarizing detectors and classical communications determine which unitary operation will be used in the last step for recovering initial states. The security of the channel in transmitting unknown photons between two parties is confirmed by the results of the measurement of each target photon in the control mode.
Classical computation relies heavily on information manipulation. Each component of a hardware needs to communicate with others, and this is done by encoding information into strings of bits and application of logical operations. When dealing with quantum technologies, there arises a new set of paradigms and devices, based on manipulations of qubits, the quantum analogues of conventional bits. This work investigates the generation and distribution of quantum entanglement, a uniquely non-classical correlation, across spin chains, which serve as promising platforms for quantum information processing. We systematically compare two distinct entanglement generation protocols: Protocol 1 (P1), based on alternating weak and strong couplings that create a band structure enabling an effective trimer-model approximation, and Protocol 2 (P2), which employs symmetric boundary couplings and virtual excitations to establish a direct effective interaction between the chain ends. Our results demonstrate that a protocol based on virtual excitations and optimized boundary couplings consistently outperforms its counterpart in speed, achieved entanglement, and robustness against fabrication imperfections and noise. Furthermore, by employing effective model reductions and open quantum systems techniques we provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the resilience of distributed entanglement in solid-state quantum devices. The characteristics of the virtual-coupling protocol highlight its potential for experimental implementation in scalable quantum technologies.
Entanglement is one of the most striking features of quantum systems, whereby its non-classical correlation is an essential resource in numerous quantum protocols. Entanglement can be divided into two categories: interparticle and intraparticle entanglement. There are both distinctions and similarities between these two kinds of entangled states. This work delves into these distinctions and similarities from the following aspects: correlation and non-locality, robustness, the mechanisms of generation and separation, and practical applications. Entanglement swapping is a technique based on quantum entanglement. As entanglement has different categories, entanglement swapping also has various types, including interparticle to interparticle and intraparticle to interparticle. Swapping protocols from intraparticle entanglement to interparticle entanglement can be applied to super quantum dense encoding, quantum information transmission, quantum teleportation, etc. Thus, this work proposes three swapping protocols, from spin–orbit intraparticle entanglement to spin–spin interparticle entanglement, based on Bell state joint measurement, the cross-Kerr medium, and linear optical elements. This work can help us better understand entanglement by analyzing the differences and similarities between the two types of entangled states. It can also enhance entanglement swapping protocols, from spin–orbit intraparticle to spin–spin interparticle entanglement, for use in quantum information transfer.
Based on a scheme that produces pure entanglement between the spin and the path variables of a single spin‐1/2 particle (qubit) using a beam‐splitter and a spin flipper, we formulate a procedure for transferring this intraparticle hybrid entanglement to an interparticle pure entanglement between the spin variables of two other spatially separated spin‐1/2 particles which never interact with each other during the entire process. We extend the above procedure to the case of mixed states. The mixed state is generated when path‐spin entanglement in a particle passes through a noisy channel such as an amplitude damping channel. We then show that the spin‐spin entanglement at the output is useful for quantum information processing if the noise parameter is less than a certain value.