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Physical Review A

Three-pathway electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption based on coupled superconducting resonators

Tianning Zheng, Pengqi Wang, Bin Wei, Boyu Lu, Bisong Cao, Fuchuan Lei

Published Nov 2, 2023• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) have many applications, especially for achieving slow light and fast light. EIT and EIA have been widely observed in both quantum and classical systems where two transition pathways could interference destructively or constructively. Multipathway interference has been a concern in recent works, however, due to the difficulty of precisely controlling the system parameters, the experimental study of multipathway interference is generally challenging. In this paper, we explore a coupled high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) resonator platform for implementing three-pathway electromagnetically induced transparency (TEIT) and absorption (TEIA). In our system, both resonant frequencies and linewidths (loss) of each resonator as well as their coupling strength can be precisely controlled, thus TEIT and TEIA can be implemented as a set. Our proposed method shows great potential for use in microwave signal processing in the future, such as slow wave, fast wave, and radio-frequency memory. Our results indicate the HTS resonator is an ideal platform for investigating versatile coherent phenomena.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.108.053105

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) have many applications, especially for achieving slow light and fast light. EIT and EIA have been widely observed in both quantum and classical systems where two transition pathways could interference destructively or constructively. Multipathway interference has been a concern in recent works, however, due to the difficulty of precisely controlling the system parameters, the experimental study of multipathway interference is generally challenging. In this paper, we explore a coupled high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) resonator platform for implementing three-pathway electromagnetically induced transparency (TEIT) and absorption (TEIA). In our system, both resonant frequencies and linewidths (loss) of each resonator as well as their coupling strength can be precisely controlled, thus TEIT and TEIA can be implemented as a set. Our proposed method shows great potential for use in microwave signal processing in the future, such as slow wave, fast wave, and radio-frequency memory. Our results indicate the HTS resonator is an ideal platform for investigating versatile coherent phenomena.
Recently Qu and Agarwal [Phys. Rev. A 22, 031802 (2013)] found a three-pathway electromagnetically induced absorption (TEIA) phenomenon within a mechanically coupled two-cavity system, where there exist a sharp EIA dip in the broad electromagnetically induced transparency peak in the transmission spectrum. In this work, we study the response of a probe light in a pair of directly coupled microcavities with one mechanical mode. We find that in addition to the sharp TEIA dip within a broad EIT window as found by Qu and Agarwal, three-pathway electromagnetically induced transparency (TEIT) within the broad EIT window could also exist under certain conditions. We give explicit physical explanations and detailed calculations. Our results provide a method for controlling transition between TEIA and TEIT in coupled optomechanical systems, and reveal the multiple pathways interference is versatile for controlling light.
Abstract In this letter, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is implemented in the microwave region with an experimental system composed of two indirectly coupled high‐temperature superconducting resonators. The transition condition between EIT and Autler–Townes splitting is analyzed, giving a physical explanation of this transition based on the superposition of dressed modes in a three‐level system. Benefit from the ultra‐low loss of superconducting circuit, it is experimentally shown that either EIT or Autler–Townes splitting can be explicitly achieved through control of the detuning between the two resonators and a group delay as high as 5 μs is obtained for the EIT case. This work suggests that high temperature superconducting circuit is a concise and explicit platform for investigating indirectly coupled resonators with standing‐wave modes and the physical mechanism underneath coherence phenomena in the microwave region.
Storing a very high frequency (VHF) band (30–300 MHz) electromagnetic wave has many potential applications, such as phase modulation, buffering, and radio frequency memory. It can be effectively achieved by applying coupled resonator-based electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) due to its slow light effect. However, the wavelength in the VHF band is too long to design resonators, and the group delay is limited by the high resistive loss of metal. The practical application of EIT in the VHF band is still a big challenge. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate EIT response in a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) microwave circuit with coupled-resonator-induced transparency. The chip size of the HTS circuit is only 34 mm × 20 mm with a very low transparency frequency of 198.55 MHz. In addition, we implement very large group delay higher than 12.3 μs and 16.2 μs with working temperatures of 65 K and 50 K separately, which is much longer than the previous reported works on slow wave. The fabricated circuit is planar with working temperature about 65 K, and thus can be easily integrated into other microwave devices under the cryogenic conditions provided by a commercial portable Stirling cryocooler. Our proposed method paves a way for studying EIT in the microwave region due to the high quality factor of the HTS resonator, which has great potential use for radio-frequency memory in the future.
Classic analog of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterials has been demonstrated extensively by its attractive potential applications in light storage, slow light and sensing. However, the counterpart of EIT, electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) has been studied rarely in coupled metamaterial systems. Here, we present the observation of the EIA effect in a vertically coupled three-resonator metamaterial. A well-defined absorption resonance is developed in the EIT window enabling a unique double-peak transparency, due to the magnetic resonance induced by the near-field coupling of the three resonators. The analog of EIA opens up a new route to advanced photonics devices.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency/absorption (EIT/EIA) tailor the amplitude and phase response of an absorption resonance to create large dispersion, which has been exploited for applications in slow- and fast-light, and quantum information science. Since EIA enhances (induces) absorption of an already existing absorption (transmission) profile, it leads to a significant reduction in output signal power. Induction of a narrow absorption feature within a gain resonance can compensate for the signal loss while creating large dispersion at the EIA feature frequency. However, the demonstration of an analogue of EIA exploiting gain resonances has remained elusive. Here, we exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin gain resonances in orthogonal polarization states to demonstrate controlled excitation of an analogue of EIA over microwave frequency range of 2.5–43 GHz. We induce a narrow absorption feature (~6 MHz), with controllable depth and frequency, within Brillouin gain resonance, demonstrating a novel technique for microwave photonic processing.
Multiple-path interference plays a fundamental role in classical and quantum physics. In this work, we propose two general schemes to realize multiple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in coupled microresonators and optomechanical systems. We give explicit physical descriptions and find out that these two schemes are essentially equivalent to each other. More importantly, we experimentally demonstrate both multiple EIT and EIA by coupling a microtoroid to a microsphere that supports multiple high Q optical modes with dense modes distributions. The theory fits well with the experimental results. We believe that our study and experimental results lay a foundation for realizing arbitrary multiple pathways interference in applications.