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Communications Physics

Analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption in the microwave domain using stimulated Brillouin scattering

Siva Shakthi A., A. B. Yelikar, Ravi Pant

Published Jun 12, 2020• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency/absorption (EIT/EIA) tailor the amplitude and phase response of an absorption resonance to create large dispersion, which has been exploited for applications in slow- and fast-light, and quantum information science. Since EIA enhances (induces) absorption of an already existing absorption (transmission) profile, it leads to a significant reduction in output signal power. Induction of a narrow absorption feature within a gain resonance can compensate for the signal loss while creating large dispersion at the EIA feature frequency. However, the demonstration of an analogue of EIA exploiting gain resonances has remained elusive. Here, we exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin gain resonances in orthogonal polarization states to demonstrate controlled excitation of an analogue of EIA over microwave frequency range of 2.5–43 GHz. We induce a narrow absorption feature (~6 MHz), with controllable depth and frequency, within Brillouin gain resonance, demonstrating a novel technique for microwave photonic processing.

DOI
10.1038/s42005-020-0367-6

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Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency/absorption (EIT/EIA) tailor the amplitude and phase response of an absorption resonance to create large dispersion, which has been exploited for applications in slow- and fast-light, and quantum information science. Since EIA enhances (induces) absorption of an already existing absorption (transmission) profile, it leads to a significant reduction in output signal power. Induction of a narrow absorption feature within a gain resonance can compensate for the signal loss while creating large dispersion at the EIA feature frequency. However, the demonstration of an analogue of EIA exploiting gain resonances has remained elusive. Here, we exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin gain resonances in orthogonal polarization states to demonstrate controlled excitation of an analogue of EIA over microwave frequency range of 2.5–43 GHz. We induce a narrow absorption feature (~6 MHz), with controllable depth and frequency, within Brillouin gain resonance, demonstrating a novel technique for microwave photonic processing.
The constructive/destructive quantum interference due to coherent interaction between multi-level atoms generates electromagnetic induced absorption/transparency (EIA/EIT) [1]. EIT has a transparent spectral window in the absorption spectra, and EIA has a narrow absorption window in the transmission spectra. EIA/EIT has been demonstrated in atomic systems [2], [3], and analogue filter responses have also been demonstrated using stimulated Brillouin scattering [4], [5]. In this paper, we present a method to generate switchable EIA/EIT-like RF filters using Brillouin-induced loss tailoring. Flexible filter shaping enables highly versatile responses with tunable bandwidths and central frequencies which can have applications in wireless signal processing and RADARs.
Wideband excitation and control of Fano resonance and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), both of which rely on coherent interaction between two excitation paths, is challenging. It requires precise control and tuning of interacting resonances or coupling between different resonant structures over a wide frequency range. Gain (Stokes) and absorption (anti-Stokes) resonances associated with the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process can be excited and controlled over a wide frequency range by tuning the pump frequency, its power and profile. We exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin Stokes and anti-Stokes resonance, in radio frequency domain, to demonstrate Fano and EIT-like resonance over a wide frequency range and control their shape and strength optically and electrically. For the Fano resonance, the asymmetry and polarity are electrically controlled over an unprecedented frequency range (100 MHz-43 GHz) by varying the bias to the intensity modulator whereas, the strength is varied by tuning the Brillouin pump power and/or the bias. The depth and 3 dB linewidth of the transparency window in the EIT-like resonance are controlled using pump and probe parameters. The flexibility of the SBS process that allows wideband electrical and optical control of Fano and EIT-like resonance opens up the potential for applications that range from low-power switching, sensing to tunable RF delay.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is generation of a narrow window in which electromagnetic field absorption is inhibited. Experimentally, a probe tuned to a certain absorption wavelength is allowed to transmit through a gaseous vapor only in the presence of a second control laser. In other words, a probe is forbidden to cause an excitation from one energy level to another through coherent coupling with a third, intermediate energy level that creates an interference pathway. In this study, Brillouin scattering analogue of EIT is demonstrated using the two optical modes that are coupled through a phase matched acoustic mode. The coherent coupling of two energy levels is emulated by the acousto-optic interaction of Brillouin scattering. The probe phase response is analyzed to estimate BSIT's effect on the velocity of light pulse. As BSIT modifies the dispersion of light, it is understood as either slowing or advancing light propagation depending on the sign of the slope of the probe phase response. Lastly, the non-reciprocity of Brillouin scattering is theoretically considered. The non-reciprocity, or a break in time reversal symmetry, is a unique property of Brillouin scattering process due to the traveling surface acoustic wave which is used for phase matching the optical modes. Therefore, BSIT can be used for applications such as optical isolation while no other transparency systems can.
Abstract We perform a detailed theoretical analysis of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance width and amplitude as a function of laser power for different rates of spontaneous coherence transfer from the excited to the ground states. Our results show that the EIA signal undergoes a power broadening much smaller than EIT and is even free from power broadening in a specific condition that we analyse. Furthermore, the amplitude of the EIA signal is always larger than the amplitude of EIT, which constitutes an advantage in applications like magnetometers and light storage processes.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) have many applications, especially for achieving slow light and fast light. EIT and EIA have been widely observed in both quantum and classical systems where two transition pathways could interference destructively or constructively. Multipathway interference has been a concern in recent works, however, due to the difficulty of precisely controlling the system parameters, the experimental study of multipathway interference is generally challenging. In this paper, we explore a coupled high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) resonator platform for implementing three-pathway electromagnetically induced transparency (TEIT) and absorption (TEIA). In our system, both resonant frequencies and linewidths (loss) of each resonator as well as their coupling strength can be precisely controlled, thus TEIT and TEIA can be implemented as a set. Our proposed method shows great potential for use in microwave signal processing in the future, such as slow wave, fast wave, and radio-frequency memory. Our results indicate the HTS resonator is an ideal platform for investigating versatile coherent phenomena.
We theoretically investigate the classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a planar metamaterial at optical frequency, which originates from destructive and constructive interference between dark and radiative elements.The metamaterial consists of two coupled resonators with different geometries.An EIT-like transparent window with low absorption is observed and found to be strongly affected by resonant states of the resonators.The transition between the EIT and EIA is achieved by changing the split width and coupling distance.The absorption is enhanced up to 2.5 times compared with the dipolar case.The excitation of the dark mode is very important for EIT-and EIA-like responses of the proposed metamaterial.The EIT and EIA phenomena offer a potential method for manipulating electromagnetic response in metamaterial-based devices.