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Development of single photon source based on micro-ring resonator for quantum memories

J. S. S. Durán Gómez, Mauricio Gómez-Robles, Roberto Ramírez-Alarcón, G. J. Rodríguez Becerra, Gerardo José Tavares-Ramírez, Rafael Salas‐Montiel

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We design a photon pair source with emission at 606 nm and 3.98 MHz linewidth, which matches the spectral properties of praseodymium ions. To reduce the linewidth the use of cavity-enhanced spontaneous four-wave mixing was proposed. The designed integrated source is suitable for praseodymium quantum memories.
DOI
10.1051/epjconf/202328706033

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Recently, many researchers focus on the integration of single photon sources on an optical chip toward the realization of large-scale quantum information processing.Identical single photons are required to obtain good interference between photons for quantum information processing, for which high "spectral purity" of single photons is required.An appealing scheme is employing the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon micro-ring resonator (MRR) because it allows us to generate high-purity photons without external spectral filters.However, the purity value is limited to 0.92 due to the dispersion property of an MRR We have developed a new scheme to further increase the spectral purity from an MRR by manipulating the spectral phase distribution of the pump pulse.Via exploring several strategies on the spectral phase modulation, we found that the purity of single photon can be increased up to approximately 0.96 breaking the conventional limitation of 0.92 in a standard MRR.We further explore the experimental feasibility of the scheme toward future implementation.

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We report the design of an integrated photon pair source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM), implemented in an integrated micro-ring resonator in the silicon nitride platform (Si 3 N 4 ). The signal photon is generated with emission at 606 nm and bandwidth of 3.98 MHz, matching the spectral properties of praseodymium ions (Pr), while the idler photon is generated at 1430.5 nm matching the wavelength of a CWDM channel in the E-band. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, device is designed to interact with a quantum memory based on a Y 2 SiO 5 crystal doped with Pr 3+ ions, in which we used cavity-enhanced SFWM along with dispersion engineering to reach the required wavelength and the few megahertz signal photon spectral bandwidth.
We present the design of an on-chip integrated photon pair source based on Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing (SFWM), implemented on a ring resonator in the 4H Silicon Carbide On Insulator (4H-SiCOI) platform, compatible with a solid state quantum memory in the telecommunications band. Through careful engineering of the waveguide dispersion and micro-ring resonator dimensions, we found solutions where the signal photons are emitted at 1536.48 nm with a bandwidth of ∼150\sim 150∼150 MHz, enabling the interaction with the hyperfine structure of Er 3+^{3+}3+ ions. Simultaneously, the idler photons are generated at 1563.86 nm, matching the central wavelength of a specific channel in a commercial dense wavelength division multiplexing system. The proposed device fulfill all the spectral requirements in a simple ring-bus coupled waveguide configuration with design parameters within the range of reported values for similar resonators, making feasible its manufacturing with current fabrication capabilities.
We present a source of ultra-narrow band, widely non degenerate photon pairs source compatible with quantum repeaters architectures. One photon is compatible with a solid state Praseodymium (Pr3+) doped crystal spin wave quantum memory, and the other photon is at telecommunication wavelengths, such that it can be transmitted over large distances in optical fibers. Pr3+doped solids absorbing photons at 606 nm have shown very promising properties as QM for light. Despite this fact, so far no experiment demonstrated storage of quantum light in Pr3+doped crystals. The main challenge to realize such a source is that the bandwidth of the memory is limited to a few MHz by the excited state spacing of the ions. To achieve the required narrow linewidth we use widely non-degenerate cavity enhanced spontaneous down conversion (SPDC). We measure a correlation time of 104 ns, the longest reported to date for SPDC emitted photons, corresponding to around 2 MHz bandwidth. In addition, the number of longitudinal modes emitted by the source is strongly reduced, thanks to a clustering effect, which facilitates the filtering to reach single mode operation.
Summary form only given. Hybrid quantum technologies seek to combine the advantages of two individual quantum architectures by transferring the information between the two systems. We want to benefit from the high mobility and ease of transmission of photons for quantum communication and exploit the excellent readout and storage capabilities of atomic qubits as a quantum memory, which is essential to build up quantum repeater networks for quantum data processing. Efficient interaction of photons with atoms requires a match of the photons spectral properties to those of the resonances of the atomic species. The atomic transition usually has a much narrower bandwidth than single photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), the current gold standard of producing high-purity heralded single photons at flexible wavelengths. To develop hybrid quantum technologies therefore requires significantly reducing the single photon emission spectra to fulfill these requirements. The way we try to achieve this is by using an optical cavity to enhance the probability of creating the photons in the spectral and spatial resonator mode.We report 100% duty cycle generation of sub-MHz single photon pairs at the Rubidium D1 line using cavityenhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion [3]. The double exponential decay of the temporal intensity cross-correlation function exhibits a bandwidth of 666 ± 16 kHz for the single photons, an order of magnitude below the natural linewidth of the target transition. This is, to our knowledge, the narrowest bandwidth of single photons from SPDC to date. A new method of placing a half-wave plate inside the cavity helps to achieve triple resonance between pump, signal and idler photon, reducing the bandwidth and simplifying the locking scheme. Additionally, stabilisation of the cavity to the pump frequency enables the 100% duty cycle. The quantum nature of the source is confirmed by the idler-triggered second-order autocorrelation function at τ = 0 to be g(2) s,s (0) = 0.016 ± 0.002 for a heralding rate of 5 kHz and antibunching below 0.5 is observed up to heralding rates of 250 kHz [3]. The high purity of the source is matched by high indistinguishability of the photons demonstrated in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference experiment with a visibility V = 96.5 ± 0.5 %. Additionally, the modelocked two-photon state of the generated pairs leads to revivals of the HOM dip. We observe these revivals up to 100 m path difference between signal and idler photon, independently proofing the long coherence length of our photons.
Recently, many researchers focus on the integration of single photon sources on an optical chip toward the realization of large-scale quantum information processing.Identical single photons are required to obtain good interference between photons for quantum information processing, for which high "spectral purity" of single photons is required.An appealing scheme is employing the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon micro-ring resonator (MRR) because it allows us to generate high-purity photons without external spectral filters.However, the purity value is limited to 0.92 due to the dispersion property of an MRR We have developed a new scheme to further increase the spectral purity from an MRR by manipulating the spectral phase distribution of the pump pulse.Via exploring several strategies on the spectral phase modulation, we found that the purity of single photon can be increased up to approximately 0.96 breaking the conventional limitation of 0.92 in a standard MRR.We further explore the experimental feasibility of the scheme toward future implementation.