Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Analysis and data processing systems

A method for processing the laser radiation spectrum based on the experimentally recorded transmission form of the Fabry – Perot interferometer

Савинов Константин Николаевич, Nickolai. N. Golovin, Leyla R. Dmitrieva, А. К. Дмитриев, Darya M. Kotina

Published Sep 28, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

At present, to create quantum frequency standards, the phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) is widely used, in which, when a certain intensity is reached and the frequency interval between the spectral components coincides with the frequency of the hyperfine transition in an atom (most often in rubidium or cesium), a narrow resonance is observed in the absorption spectrum and the transmission of a cell with alkali metal vapor increases sharply. Since the amplitude of the CPT resonance critically depends on the intensity and position of the spectral components of the pump radiation, it is necessary to control the parameters of these components, which are usually recorded in digital form. This paper describes a fundamentally new method for processing the laser emission spectrum recorded with a scanned Fabry – Perot interferometer (FPI), based on using the experimentally recorded transmission form of the scanned FPI as a reference spectral component. The paper presents examples of processing the experimentally recorded radiation spectra of a diode laser with an external resonator under microwave modulation of its injection current. The error of processing by the proposed method turned out to be approximately an order of magnitude smaller than when processing by the well-known Airy formula describing the transmission of the FPI. This is explained by the fact that the Airy formula is valid for light beams whose wave front curvature is consistent with the curvature of the IFP mirrors, which is often not true in the case of a real experiment. The method can be used to process the spectra of modulated radiation of various types of lasers, which is an important task in detecting CPT resonances and further creating quantum frequency standards based on them.

DOI
10.17212/2782-2001-2023-3-141-151

Related papers

Method of characterizing the multicomponent spectrum of a VCSEL in devices based on the CPT effect

Daba A. Radnatarov, Sergey M Kobtsev, Valeriy Andryushkov

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method of spectral measurement of multicomponent radiation emitted by a modulated vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) relying on peculiarities of absorption in alkali metal vapor. The method consists in determination of the radiation spectrum (which is formed due to RF modulation of the injection current of a diode laser) from the dependence of transmittance of rubidium vapor upon the radiation wavelength. We show that the proposed method allows fairly precise measurement of the spectrum of multicomponent radiation used in devices based on the coherent population trapping (CPT) effect when the frequency difference between the radiation components matches that between absorption lines of an alkali metal.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 8, 2021•3 citations

Coherent Population Trapping resonances on lower atomic levels of Doppler broadened optical lines

Ersoy Şahin, G. Özen, Ramiz Hamid +2 more

We have detected and analysed narrow high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which are induced in absorption of the weak probe light beam by the counterpropagating two-frequency pumping radiation. Our experimental investigations have been carried out on example of nonclosed three level Lambda systems formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2 line of cesium atoms. We have established that CPT resonances in transmission of the probe beam (in the cesium vapor), at definite conditions, may have not only more contrast but also much lesser width in comparison with well- known CPT resonances in transmission of the corresponding two-frequency pumping radiation. Thus CPT resonances, detected by the elaborated method, may be used in atomic frequency standards and sensitive magnetometers (based on the CPT phenomenon) and also in ultahigh resolution spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.

arXiv:1212.3834•Dec 16, 2012•1 citation

CPT resonances in two frequency pumping and probe beam configuration

Ersoy Şahin, Ramiz Hamid, Mehmet Çelik +3 more

We have detected and analyzed narrow, high contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which appear in transmission of the probe monochromatic light beam under action of the counter propagating two frequency laser radiation, on example of the nonclosed three level A-system formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2line of cesium atoms. Given resonances may be used in atomic frequency standards, sensitive magnetometers and in ultrahigh resolution laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.

European Frequency and Time Forum•Apr 1, 2012•1 citation

Coherent population trapping resonances at lower atomic levels of Doppler broadened optical lines

Ersoy Şahin, G. Özen, Ramiz Hamid +2 more

We have detected and analysed narrow high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which are induced in absorption of the weak probe light beam by the counterpropagating two-frequency pumping radiation. Our experimental investigations have been carried out on example of nonclosed three level Lambda systems formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2 line of cesium atoms. We have established that CPT resonances in transmission of the probe beam (in the cesium vapor), at definite conditions, may have not only more contrast but also much lesser width in comparison with well- known CPT resonances in transmission of the corresponding two-frequency pumping radiation. Thus CPT resonances, detected by the elaborated method, may be used in atomic frequency standards and sensitive magnetometers (based on the CPT phenomenon) and also in ultahigh resolution spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.

Quantum Electronics•Nov 28, 2014•2 citations

Series of CPT Resonances with Multifrequency Pumping by a Diode Laser

Савинов Константин Николаевич, Nickolay N. Golovin, Ilya D. Dneprovsky +2 more

For the first time, a series of CPT resonances under the simultaneous exposure of microwave and VHF modulation of the injection current of a diode laser with an external cavity, represented by diffraction gratting, was observed. The frequency spacing between resonances was coincided with half of the VHF modulation frequency. The contribution to pumping in this case comes from pairs of VHF components located in different spectral bands and separated from each other by the frequency of hyperfine splitting of ground state of rubidium-87 atom (about 6.8 GHz). The use of multifrequency pumping will make it possible to reduce the light shifts of the observed CPT resonances due to averaging, and the use of a semiconductor laser with an external cavity opens up the possibility of creating a combined optical and radio frequency standard. The dependences of the CPT parameters of resonances on the intensity of the incident radiation are also studied in this work, and the threshold observed in this case is consistent with the results described in the literature. The dependences of the amplitude of CPT resonances on the deviation of the applied VHF modulation have also been studied. The VHF modulation frequency remained unchanged at 34 MHz (1/200 of the clock transition frequency).

International Siberian workshops and tutorials on electron devices and materials•Jun 30, 2022•0 citations

Relation between the Spectrum of a Laser and Coherent Population Trapping Resonances under Multifrequency Excitation

K.N. Savinov, L. R. Stolyarova, Darya M. Kotina +3 more

Abstract The paper presents the results of studying the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances observed in a cell with 87Rb vapor with addition of a buffer gas under multifrequency excitation by radiation from an external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The laser diode injection current is modulated simultaneously by microwave (MW) and very high-frequency (VHF) signals. It has been revealed that, for a certain band of VHF modulation frequencies, the amplitude of a CPT resonance is proportional to the product of the electrical field strengths of the spectral components contributing to resonance excitation. The proposed model of calculating the resonance amplitude is in good agreement with experimental data.

Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing•Feb 1, 2026•0 citations
At present, to create quantum frequency standards, the phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) is widely used, in which, when a certain intensity is reached and the frequency interval between the spectral components coincides with the frequency of the hyperfine transition in an atom (most often in rubidium or cesium), a narrow resonance is observed in the absorption spectrum and the transmission of a cell with alkali metal vapor increases sharply. Since the amplitude of the CPT resonance critically depends on the intensity and position of the spectral components of the pump radiation, it is necessary to control the parameters of these components, which are usually recorded in digital form. This paper describes a fundamentally new method for processing the laser emission spectrum recorded with a scanned Fabry – Perot interferometer (FPI), based on using the experimentally recorded transmission form of the scanned FPI as a reference spectral component. The paper presents examples of processing the experimentally recorded radiation spectra of a diode laser with an external resonator under microwave modulation of its injection current. The error of processing by the proposed method turned out to be approximately an order of magnitude smaller than when processing by the well-known Airy formula describing the transmission of the FPI. This is explained by the fact that the Airy formula is valid for light beams whose wave front curvature is consistent with the curvature of the IFP mirrors, which is often not true in the case of a real experiment. The method can be used to process the spectra of modulated radiation of various types of lasers, which is an important task in detecting CPT resonances and further creating quantum frequency standards based on them.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method of spectral measurement of multicomponent radiation emitted by a modulated vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) relying on peculiarities of absorption in alkali metal vapor. The method consists in determination of the radiation spectrum (which is formed due to RF modulation of the injection current of a diode laser) from the dependence of transmittance of rubidium vapor upon the radiation wavelength. We show that the proposed method allows fairly precise measurement of the spectrum of multicomponent radiation used in devices based on the coherent population trapping (CPT) effect when the frequency difference between the radiation components matches that between absorption lines of an alkali metal.
We have detected and analysed narrow high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which are induced in absorption of the weak probe light beam by the counterpropagating two-frequency pumping radiation. Our experimental investigations have been carried out on example of nonclosed three level Lambda systems formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2 line of cesium atoms. We have established that CPT resonances in transmission of the probe beam (in the cesium vapor), at definite conditions, may have not only more contrast but also much lesser width in comparison with well- known CPT resonances in transmission of the corresponding two-frequency pumping radiation. Thus CPT resonances, detected by the elaborated method, may be used in atomic frequency standards and sensitive magnetometers (based on the CPT phenomenon) and also in ultahigh resolution spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
We have detected and analyzed narrow, high contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which appear in transmission of the probe monochromatic light beam under action of the counter propagating two frequency laser radiation, on example of the nonclosed three level A-system formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2line of cesium atoms. Given resonances may be used in atomic frequency standards, sensitive magnetometers and in ultrahigh resolution laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
We have detected and analysed narrow high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which are induced in absorption of the weak probe light beam by the counterpropagating two-frequency pumping radiation. Our experimental investigations have been carried out on example of nonclosed three level Lambda systems formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2 line of cesium atoms. We have established that CPT resonances in transmission of the probe beam (in the cesium vapor), at definite conditions, may have not only more contrast but also much lesser width in comparison with well- known CPT resonances in transmission of the corresponding two-frequency pumping radiation. Thus CPT resonances, detected by the elaborated method, may be used in atomic frequency standards and sensitive magnetometers (based on the CPT phenomenon) and also in ultahigh resolution spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
For the first time, a series of CPT resonances under the simultaneous exposure of microwave and VHF modulation of the injection current of a diode laser with an external cavity, represented by diffraction gratting, was observed. The frequency spacing between resonances was coincided with half of the VHF modulation frequency. The contribution to pumping in this case comes from pairs of VHF components located in different spectral bands and separated from each other by the frequency of hyperfine splitting of ground state of rubidium-87 atom (about 6.8 GHz). The use of multifrequency pumping will make it possible to reduce the light shifts of the observed CPT resonances due to averaging, and the use of a semiconductor laser with an external cavity opens up the possibility of creating a combined optical and radio frequency standard. The dependences of the CPT parameters of resonances on the intensity of the incident radiation are also studied in this work, and the threshold observed in this case is consistent with the results described in the literature. The dependences of the amplitude of CPT resonances on the deviation of the applied VHF modulation have also been studied. The VHF modulation frequency remained unchanged at 34 MHz (1/200 of the clock transition frequency).
Abstract The paper presents the results of studying the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances observed in a cell with 87Rb vapor with addition of a buffer gas under multifrequency excitation by radiation from an external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The laser diode injection current is modulated simultaneously by microwave (MW) and very high-frequency (VHF) signals. It has been revealed that, for a certain band of VHF modulation frequencies, the amplitude of a CPT resonance is proportional to the product of the electrical field strengths of the spectral components contributing to resonance excitation. The proposed model of calculating the resonance amplitude is in good agreement with experimental data.