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CRC Press eBooks

Multiple-Valued Logic Operations in Quantum Computing

Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu

Published Aug 29, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multi-Valued quantum computing is a challenging field for researchers. Two-valued quantum computing is not so old, but multi-valued quantum computing is a new topic to discuss. Designing with multiple-valued logic has obtained a lot of attention in the previous three decades. Multiple-valued logic emerged as a separate study in the early 1920s, thanks to a Polish philosopher named Lukasiewicz, his goal was to add a third value to the binary system. The Lukasiewicz system is the result of this investigation. This chapter explores the quantum world with multiple-valued logic systems. All operations will be covered that learned before in the binary quantum logic system. The basic operations of quantum computing in the ternary logic system will be implemented. In the two-valued quantum computing, several quantum fundamental gates for reversible logic are learned which include - the Pauli gate, Pauli-X gate, Hadamard gate, Toffoli gate, Fredkin gate, Deutsch gate, and Swap gate.

DOI
10.1201/9781003381938-10

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CRC Press eBooks•Aug 29, 2023•0 citations
Multi-Valued quantum computing is a challenging field for researchers. Two-valued quantum computing is not so old, but multi-valued quantum computing is a new topic to discuss. Designing with multiple-valued logic has obtained a lot of attention in the previous three decades. Multiple-valued logic emerged as a separate study in the early 1920s, thanks to a Polish philosopher named Lukasiewicz, his goal was to add a third value to the binary system. The Lukasiewicz system is the result of this investigation. This chapter explores the quantum world with multiple-valued logic systems. All operations will be covered that learned before in the binary quantum logic system. The basic operations of quantum computing in the ternary logic system will be implemented. In the two-valued quantum computing, several quantum fundamental gates for reversible logic are learned which include - the Pauli gate, Pauli-X gate, Hadamard gate, Toffoli gate, Fredkin gate, Deutsch gate, and Swap gate.
Quantum computing is a new and challenging field in research and arithmetic circuits in multi-valued quantum computing are a recent attraction for all. It is a speedy technology in modern science. Multiple-valued logic circuits are a type of circuit that offer several potential opportunities for the improvement of present VLSI circuit designs. Multiple-valued logic has a wide range of applications in addition to providing a better understanding of binary difficulties. They can be divided into two categories. To handle binary issues more quickly, the first group use a multiple-valued logic domain. The second group focuses on electrical circuits that use more than two discrete levels of signals, such as multiple-valued memory, arithmetic circuits, and Field Programmable Gate Arrays. In quantum multiple valued parallel adder, it is required to add two qutrits (the addend and the augend) which are only single-qutrit input. The procedures are the same, the only difference is the logical operation will be in the ternary system.
Abstract Multi-valued quantum logic circuits possess the ability to store and process more intricate information than binary quantum logic circuits. A key component within numerous intricate computational circuits is the multi-valued quantum adder circuit. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a multi-valued quantum full adder and an optimal replacement of two multi-valued Toffoli gate cascades which can effectively reduce the quantum cost of the circuit. Constructed from multi-valued 1-qudit and 2-qudit M-S gates, this adder circuit is designed by effectively setting the control conditions of multi-valued quantum Toffoli gates. For a quaternary quantum adder based on this M-S gate architecture, the number of QC, 1-qudit gates, and 2-qudit gates are 48.6%, 46.2%, and 54.2%, respectively, of the previous design. Additionally, NCI and NGO are consistent with prior adder. It shows the potential applications of complex quantum reversible logic circuits.
In order to create two new computing processes that can be referred to as quantum molecular biology, these two computing systems can be combined. Quantum-DNA computing and DNA-quantum computing are also components of this quantum molecular biology. This chapter explains how DNA computing constructs the operations for multi-valued systems. The study of molecular biology is concerned with nucleic acids and proteins–macromolecules that are critical to biological processes–and how they interact and behave within cells. Quantum molecular biology is the field of study that investigates processes in living organisms that cannot be accurately described by the classical laws of physics. So, quantum molecular biology is a kind of computing technology which can be quantum-DNA computing or DNA-quantum computing. It also presents the ternary logic in the DNA computing system, that means establishing basic gates and fundamental operations in the ternary system.
This chapter describes the memory devices in quantum-DNA computing with multi-valued logic system. It discusses combined Quantum and DNA computing for designing different memory devices considering a binary logic system. The chapter discusses combined multiple-valued Quantum and DNA computing and novel theoretical methods for designing different memory devices considering a binary logic system. Therefore, an integrated computing system as multiple-valued Quantum-to-DNA and vice versa for multi-valued 9-to-2 ROM memory is the main concern. For information processing and storing, bits are used as traditional computing systems, qubits in quantum computing, and sequences in DNA computing systems. Multi-Valued ROM consists of two basic components- multi-valued Decoder and multi-valued OR operations. The software can “partition” a portion of a computer's Cache memory, allowing it to act as a much faster hard drive that is called a Cache memory disk.
A quantum gate is the quantum analog of the classical logic gate of digital computers. It is a basic structural unit of a quantum circuit which operates on a small number of qubits to deliver a predefined output. A quantum circuit is a graphical representation of the sequence of the quantum gates used and the measurements performed in a quantum computation. Various quantum logic gates, namely, the Hadamard, T phase, NOT, Pauli-X, controlled NOT (CNOT), controlled-Z, SWAP and controlled phase gates as well as higher-level Toffoli and Fredkin gates are described. Conventions of reading quantum circuit diagrams are explained. Operation of a quantum full adder consisting of registers and gates is discussed, elaborating the role of the NOT gate, the sum calculation with CNOTgates and the carry C-out calculation with Toffoli gates. A primary tool used for performing arithmetic operations on a quantum computer is the quantum Fourier transform (QFT). The QFT adder and multiplier circuits are presented.
Quantum computing harnesses the phenomena of quantum mechanics to deliver a huge leap forward in computation to solve certain problems. IBM designed quantum computers to solve complex problems that today's most powerful supercomputers cannot solve, and never will. RAM consists of three basic components- Decoder, Molecular qubit Cells, and OR gates. In a Ternary Quantum OR operation, using two inputs and one output is obtained. The higher logical sequence value from the input sequences is considered as the output of Ternary quantum OR operations and when the input sequences have the same logical value then one of them is considered as the output. Multi-Valued Quantum computing has the features of parallel processing and fast processing capabilities that make it special from other conventional computing systems. Since the PROM architecture reaches its limits when many inputs are linked to many outputs, the Programmable Logic Device architecture, provides a more flexible concept.