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Applied Mechanics and Materials

Review of Recent Laser Technology of Development Multi Qubit Gates Using Ion Trap Method

Abdulkader H. Atiya, Mohammed Al-Temimi

Published Aug 18, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The qubit technology using Trapped ions are taking the systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The normal requirements to achieve quantum supremacy have all been studied with ions, and quantum algorithms use ion-qubit systems have been implemented. I cover in this study many points regarding the concept of Qubit through Ion Trap, near application, and experiments also explore the Multi gates, Hybrid gates implementations

DOI
10.4028/p-j6vsf9

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The qubit technology using Trapped ions are taking the systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The normal requirements to achieve quantum supremacy have all been studied with ions, and quantum algorithms use ion-qubit systems have been implemented. I cover in this study many points regarding the concept of Qubit through Ion Trap, near application, and experiments also explore the Multi gates, Hybrid gates implementations
Trapped ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The basic requirements for universal QC have all been demonstrated with ions, and quantum algorithms using few-ion-qubit systems have been implemented. We review the state of the field, covering the basics of how trapped ions are used for QC and their strengths and limitations as qubits. In addition, we discuss what is being done, and what may be required, to increase the scale of trapped ion quantum computers while mitigating decoherence and control errors. Finally, we explore the outlook for trapped-ion QC. In particular, we discuss near-term applications, considerations impacting the design of future systems of trapped ions, and experiments and demonstrations that may further inform these considerations.
Because of the continuing miniaturization of integrated circuits it appears that quantum phenomena will play a more and more dominant role in their design and functioning. Therefore, the work exposes concise quantum mechanical and mathematical background of quantum phenomena based computing through the introduction of concepts such as Hilbert space, qubit, Bloch sphere, quantum gate and measurement. Recent improvements in ion- trap technology based computing suggest ion- trap technology as the most promising one for use in quantum computing. So, the paper describes the ion- trap based technology, its use in quantum computation and its latest applications in quantum computing. It turns out that recent ion- trap technology based computers dramatically improves on all of the Vincenzo’s criterions.
This is the second paper in a series of papers providing an overview of different quantum computing hardware platforms from an industrial end-user perspective. It follows our first paper on neutral-atom quantum computing. In the present paper, we provide a survey on the current state-of-the-art in trapped-ion quantum computing, taking up again the perspective of an industrial end-user. To this end, our paper covers, on the one hand, a comprehensive introduction to the physical foundations and mechanisms that play an important role in operating a trapped-ion quantum computer. On the other hand, we provide an overview of the key performance metrics that best describe and characterise such a device's current computing capability. These metrics encompass performance indicators such as qubit numbers, gate times and errors, native gate sets, qubit stability and scalability as well as considerations regarding the general qubit types and trap architectures. In order to ensure that these metrics reflect the current state of trapped-ion quantum computing as accurate as possible, they have been obtained by both an extensive review of recent literature and, more importantly, from discussions with various quantum hardware vendors in the field. We combine these factors and provide - again from an industrial end-user perspective - an overview of what is currently possible with trapped-ion quantum computers, which algorithms and problems are especially suitable for this platform, what are the relevant end-to-end wall clock times for calculations, and what might be possible with future fault-tolerant trapped-ion quantum computers.
Quantum computing will be one of the most incredible breakthroughs in science and technology of our generation. Although the ultimate goal of building quantum computers that hold thousands of error-corrected qubits is still beyond our reach, we have made substantial progress. Compared with the first-generation prototypes, holding a few qubits with gate errors of several percent, the latest generation systems can apply more than a hundred gates (with fidelities above 99%99\%99%) to tens of fully connected qubits. This thesis focuses on the applications of such state-of-the-art ion-trap quantum computers. The latest generation ion-trap quantum computers have become complex enough that automation is necessary for optimal operations. We present a full-stack automation scheme implemented on a system at the University of Maryland. With the automation scheme, the system can operate without human interference for a few days. With automation, such systems can efficiently demonstrate different categories of applications. We present the experimental study of several hybrid algorithms aiming for generation modeling and efficient quantum state preparation. We also present a gate-based digital quantum simulation with the trotterization method. Our result accurately reproduced all the features expected from running the algorithms. Verifying quantum computations with classical simulation is getting increasingly challenging as quantum computers evolve. We present two approaches to validate quantum computations. First, we demonstrate a method based on random measurement for comparing the results from different quantum computers. Our comparison captures the similarities between quantum computers made with the same technology. We then present experimental works in verifying quantum advantage classically with interactive protocols. We show that our results, at scale with real-time interaction, can demonstrate quantum advantages.
All of the essential elements for a trapped ion quantum computer have been demonstrated in previous experiments. There are, however, many technical challenges to scaling the number of quantum bits from the current state-of-the-art (about 8) to the number of qubits needed for practical quantum computing. Although there is experimental evidence supporting one possible method (using cw laser pulses and common motional modes as the ion interaction) for deterministic ion entanglement, it is not known if that will ultimately be the most practical method for building a large-scale quantum computer. One model for scalable quantum computing with trapped ions calls for large interconnected arrays of small traps. Several advancements reported in this work include the development of three layer alumina traps as well as MEMS fabricated microtraps. Other models for scalable trapped ion quantum computing do not call for local entanglement or call for relaxed constraints on the motional control of the ions. These proposals require the use of ultrafast laser pulses interacting with the ions. This work reviews several experiments that explore the interaction between the ultrafast laser and single tripped ions including early indication of ultrafast control and entanglement between a single ion and a single photon frequency qubit.