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Advanced Technologies & Materials

Very brief on quantum computing with special respect to ion traps technology

Svetomir Simonović

Published Dec 15, 2021• 1 citation

Abstract

Because of the continuing miniaturization of integrated circuits it appears that quantum phenomena will play a more and more dominant role in their design and functioning. Therefore, the work exposes concise quantum mechanical and mathematical background of quantum phenomena based computing through the introduction of concepts such as Hilbert space, qubit, Bloch sphere, quantum gate and measurement. Recent improvements in ion- trap technology based computing suggest ion- trap technology as the most promising one for use in quantum computing. So, the paper describes the ion- trap based technology, its use in quantum computation and its latest applications in quantum computing. It turns out that recent ion- trap technology based computers dramatically improves on all of the Vincenzo’s criterions.

DOI: 10.24867/atm-2021-2-004

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Because of the continuing miniaturization of integrated circuits it appears that quantum phenomena will play a more and more dominant role in their design and functioning. Therefore, the work exposes concise quantum mechanical and mathematical background of quantum phenomena based computing through the introduction of concepts such as Hilbert space, qubit, Bloch sphere, quantum gate and measurement. Recent improvements in ion- trap technology based computing suggest ion- trap technology as the most promising one for use in quantum computing. So, the paper describes the ion- trap based technology, its use in quantum computation and its latest applications in quantum computing. It turns out that recent ion- trap technology based computers dramatically improves on all of the Vincenzo’s criterions.

Ion trap system is one of the main quantum systems to realize quantum computation and simulation. Various ion trap research groups worldwide jointly drive the continuous enrichment of ion trap structures, and develop a series of high-performance three-dimensional ion trap, two-dimensional ion trap chip, and ion traps with integrated components. The structure of ion trap is gradually developing towards miniaturization, high-optical-access and integration, and is demonstrating its outstanding ability in quantum control. Ion traps are able to trap increasingly more ions and precisely manipulate the quantum state of the system. In this review, we will summarize the evolution history of the ion trap structures in the past few decades, as well as the latest advances of trapped-ion-based quantum computation and simulation. Here we present a selection of representative examples of trap structures. We will summarize the progresses in the processing technology, robustness and versatility of ion traps, and make prospects for the realization of scalable quantum computation and simulation based on ion trap system.

Abstract Quantum computing, which is based on the rules of quantum mechanics, has great potential in many fields for its theoretical ability to simulate any natural process based on quantum mechanics. Many types of physical implementations of quantum computers have been developed, and the method based on trapped ions is a promising one. However, there is still a lot of work that need to be done, like how to improve the fidelity and scalability of those quantum computers. Besides laser light, microwave and waveguides have also been used in some experiments.

Present-day computers are essentially non-quantum mechanical in operation. The logic gates of a classical computer are irreversible in nature. For easy understanding, elementary quantum mechanics is reviewed including the Schrödinger’s equation, the particle-in-a-box problem, state superposition and collapsing. Bloch sphere representation of a quantum bit is explained. The qubits display interesting properties of quantum superposition, entanglement and interference, characteristic of atomic and subatomic particles. Measurements carried out on qubits cause their wave functions to collapse forcing them into a definite 0 or 1 state. Qubit decoherence on interaction with the environment is a major problem in quantum computing Three types of quantum computing devices are discussed including silicon, superconducting and trapped qubit devices. Among silicon devices, gate-controlled silicon quantum dots and phosphorous donor implanted Si substrates are considered. Superconducting qubit archetypes and their realization techniques are explained. The transmon qubit design is preferred for charge noise mitigation. Under the trapped ion qubit devices, construction and operation of Paul ion traps is discussed, and the types of trapped ion qubits are elucidated.