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Physical Review A

Tunable nonreciprocal photon correlations induced by directional quantum squeezing

Cai‐Peng Shen, Jia‐Qiang Chen, Xue‐Feng Pan, Yu‐Meng Ren, Xing‐Liang Dong, Xin‐Lei Hei, Yi‐Fan Qiao, Fuli Li

Published Aug 17, 2023• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate nonreciprocal photon correlations in coupled microring resonators with directional quantum squeezing (quantum parametric amplification). We show that the degeneracy of two whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in a microring resonator are broken by applying parametric amplification to one of the WGMs, which makes tunable chiral photon-qubit coupling and chiral photon hopping between two resonators feasible. Selecting optimal quantum squeezing strength, we predict the appearance of nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade resulting from the interferences among different photon transition-dissipative paths both analytically and numerically. Moreover, flexible conversion between photon bunching and antibunching can be easily realized in a wide range of parameter regimes by modulating the quantum squeezing field. This work provides an alternative way for tunable nonreciprocal photon coherence manipulations in chiral quantum science and technologies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.108.023716

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We investigate nonreciprocal photon correlations in coupled microring resonators with directional quantum squeezing (quantum parametric amplification). We show that the degeneracy of two whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in a microring resonator are broken by applying parametric amplification to one of the WGMs, which makes tunable chiral photon-qubit coupling and chiral photon hopping between two resonators feasible. Selecting optimal quantum squeezing strength, we predict the appearance of nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade resulting from the interferences among different photon transition-dissipative paths both analytically and numerically. Moreover, flexible conversion between photon bunching and antibunching can be easily realized in a wide range of parameter regimes by modulating the quantum squeezing field. This work provides an alternative way for tunable nonreciprocal photon coherence manipulations in chiral quantum science and technologies.
We propose a scheme to achieve the simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade of two microring resonators in an all-optical system without any rotating parts. By unidirectionally parametrically pumping a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$-nonlinear resonator with a classical coherent field, the counterclockwise mode in the resonator is exposed to the parametric amplification process when a forward signal field is input in another resonator, but not the case for a backward signal field. This leads to different quantum interference effects among distinct excitation paths for two optical modes, which is the essential reason for simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade. We analytically give the optimal parameter conditions to achieve simultaneous strong photon blockade with the parametric amplification. Furthermore, the nonreciprocity is simultaneously enhanced through tuning the amplitude of input signal. Our work provides an avenue to realize simultaneous nonreciprocal single-photon devices without moving parts and may have potential applications in many-body quantum information processing and quantum communication.
We consider an all-optical system consisting of two whispering-gallery-mode microring resonators and two adjacent optical waveguides. Pumping fields from different directions can simultaneously excite both clockwise and counterclockwise modes in the two resonators. When the propagation direction of the excited photons aligns with the propagation direction of the photons excited by two-photon driving, satisfying the phase-matching conditions, stable nonreciprocal quantum entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering can be effectively generated. This work demonstrates that quantum correlations can only be prepared when the system is driven by a pumping field from the unique port, a condition induced by the nonlinearity of the system. Furthermore, we show that the maximum values of quantum entanglement and one-way EPR steering can be achieved when the frequency detunings of the two optical modes are opposite, and higher two-photon driving strength and coupling strength significantly enhance quantum entanglement and one-way EPR steering. Our study provides a highly manipulable platform, offering promise for one-way quantum computing and quantum communication based on macroscopic entangled states.
We theoretically propose an all-optical scheme to implement a giant nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade (UPB) in a single photonic device. By considering the backscattering coupling between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) waves with the same frequency, we show that in the single microring χ2-nonlinear resonator, UPB happens when the resonator is pumped to induce a parametric amplification nonlinear process in one direction but not the other. This originates from the induced nonreciprocal transmission for the driving mode's resonance by the unidirectionally pumping, leading to different quantum interference effects between distinct driven-dissipative excitation paths for the CW and CCW modes. We analytically give the optimal conditions for achieving the nonreciprocal UPB. Our work provides a way to achieve single quantum nonreciprocal devices without moving parts, which greatly simplifies its experimental implementation.
We propose a scheme to realize nonreciprocal photon blockade and directional amplification in a spinning resonator with clockwise and counterclockwise traveling modes coupled to a stationary two-level atom. By manipulating the rotational frequency of the resonator, the two-level atom can be resonant with one of the traveling modes and largely detuned from the other one. Nonreciprocal conventional photon blockade is induced by the difference of the detunings between the two-level atom and the optical modes traveling in different directions. Besides that, nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade (UPB) based on the quantum interference can also be observed in the system. Based on the mechanism for nonreciprocal UPB, directional amplification of the blockaded photons is predicted by driving the spinning resonator and stationary two-level atom simultaneously. Our proposal will be applicable to achieve highly efficient nonreciprocal single-photon devices for applications in chiral quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme to generate nonreciprocal photon blockade in a stationary whispering gallery microresonator system based on two physical mechanisms. One of the two mechanisms is inspired by recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 083604 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.083604], where the quantum squeezing caused by parametric interaction not only shifts the optical frequency of propagating mode but also enhances its optomechanical coupling, resulting in a nonreciprocal conventional photon blockade phenomenon. On the other hand, we also give another mechanism to generate stronger nonreciprocity of photon correlation according to the destructive quantum interference. Comparing these two strategies, the required nonlinear strength of parametric interaction in the second one is smaller, and the broadband squeezed vacuum field used to eliminate thermalization noise is no longer needed. All analyses and optimal parameter relations are further verified by numerically simulating the quantum master equation. Our proposed scheme opens a new avenue for achieving the nonreciprocal single photon source without stringent requirements, which may have critical applications in quantum communication, quantum information processing, and topological photonics.
Quantum squeezing, a cornerstone of quantum optics and photonics, has played a key role in achieving ultra-precision sensing and realizing nonreciprocal engineering. However, the nonreciprocal multiquanta emission has remained largely unexplored by using directional quantum squeezing. Here, the one-way photon-photon bundle emission in a compound system consisted of two coupled optical resonators and a two-level atom is investigated. It is found that the directional quantum squeezing induces the asymmetric frequency detuning and photon hopping interaction between the two resonators, leading to the directional excitation of the two-photon super-Rabi oscillation. In particular, by harnessing intrinsic dissipation of the system, two types of two-photon bundle emission can be selectively induced for the probe field input from one direction while it is prohibited with the probe from the other direction. This finding bridges the broad fields ranging from nonreciprocal physics to quantum squeezing optics and multiquanta emission control through an all-optical approach, which can enable potential applications in chiral quantum emitters and backscattering-immune photonic communications.