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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Rydberg-dressed Bose–Einstein condensate with spin–orbit coupling confined in a radially periodic potential

Pu Tu, Qingqing Wang, Kaihua Shao, Yuexing Zhao, Jinping Ma, Ruiming Su, Yu-Ren Shi

Published Jul 11, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The use of Rydberg dressing technology to achieve long-range soft-core interaction in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) opens up new avenues for exploration of supersolid and its related phenomenon. We investigate the ground state of a two-component spin–orbit-coupled BECs with both long-range soft-core and contact interactions in radially periodic potentials. Our results show that the ground-state structures of the system are strongly influenced by spin–orbit coupling, contact interactions, long-range soft-core interactions, and the amplitude of the external potential. We find that such parameters can been used to induce desired ground-states structures, such as necklace structure of lump, striped standing wave, and especially ring dark soliton. Furthermore, we observe that the long-range soft-core interactions are used to manipulate the transition between miscible-immiscible phases like contact interactions. Our research provides another degree of freedom for manipulating supersolids in spin–orbit-coupled BECs.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ace66e

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Abstract The use of Rydberg dressing technology to achieve long-range soft-core interaction in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) opens up new avenues for exploration of supersolid and its related phenomenon. We investigate the ground state of a two-component spin–orbit-coupled BECs with both long-range soft-core and contact interactions in radially periodic potentials. Our results show that the ground-state structures of the system are strongly influenced by spin–orbit coupling, contact interactions, long-range soft-core interactions, and the amplitude of the external potential. We find that such parameters can been used to induce desired ground-states structures, such as necklace structure of lump, striped standing wave, and especially ring dark soliton. Furthermore, we observe that the long-range soft-core interactions are used to manipulate the transition between miscible-immiscible phases like contact interactions. Our research provides another degree of freedom for manipulating supersolids in spin–orbit-coupled BECs.
The soft-core long range interactions realized in Bose gases by Rydberg dressing technology open up a new avenues for quantum-state manipulation, especially to generate the supersolid and chiral supersolid. We investigate the ground-state of a two-component spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with unequal intra-species interactions and soft-core long range interactions confined in concentrically coupled annular traps. Our results show that for the equal soft-core long range interactions and unequal hard-core short range intra-species interactions, the ground-state exhibits three types of chiral supersolid, which are the three vortices, vortex pair and single vortex in each unit cell, respectively. For the unequal intra-species interactions and unequal soft-core long range interaction, the strong unequal intra-species interactions can give rise to two new types of chiral supersolid with single vortex or vortex pair in each unit cell. Our study provides a new potential approach to obtain chiral supersolid in a two-component spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates.
Abstract We consider the ground state properties of SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with soft-core interaction trapped in radially periodic potential. By minimizing the energy of the condensate, the effects of spin–orbit coupling and soft-core long-range interaction on the ground-state structure of such a system have been investigated for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin interaction cases. In the absence of soft-core interaction, our results show that the system has a rich variety of ground state phases, such as typical vortices, antivortices, domain wall and hexagonal vortex lattice. It is found that the spontaneous symmetry breaking and isolated density peaks appear in the system with the addition of soft-core interaction. We illustrate the physical mechanisms of different interactions in SU(3) SOC BECs.
We consider a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with nonlocal Rydberg interactions confined in a toroidal trap. Our results show that the interplay among nonlocal Rydberg interactions, contact interactions, spin-orbit coupling, and the external toroidal trap can give rise to a rich variety of ground-state phases, such as lump necklace, chiral supersolid, standing- and plane-wave supersolid, and so on. Furthermore, we clarify the different breaking of symmetry induced by system parameters. Finally, the limiting case of a quasi-one-dimensional ring has also been investigated, and our analytical results agree well with the Gross-Pitaevskii numerical simulations. We also give an experimental protocol to observe these states in future experiments.
We consider a pseudospin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensate with Rashba type of spin–orbit coupling and trapped in radially periodic potentials. The effects of spin–orbit coupling, amplitude of the lattice potential, and contact interaction, on the ground-state phases of the system are investigated numerically for two different types of radial lattices, i.e., with phase constant δ = 0 and π. We show that the system has a rich variety of ground-state phases, showing strong dependence on these controllable parameters. In addition, we find that for both types of radial lattices, such parameters can be used to induce desirable ground-state structures.
We investigate the ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit coupling in a radially periodic potential by numerically solving the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations. In the radially periodic potential, we first demonstrate that spin–orbit-coupled antiferromagnetic BECs support a multiring petal phase. Polar–core vortex can be observed from phase profiles, which is manifested as circularly symmetric distribution. We further show that spin–orbit coupling can induce multiring soliton structure in ferromagnetic BECs. It is confirmed especially that the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to uniform distribution satisfies the rotational symmetry, and the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to partial splitting breaks the rotational symmetry. Adjusting the spin–orbit coupling strength can control the number of petal in antiferromagnetic BECs and the winding numbers of wave-function in ferromagnetic BECs. Finally, we discuss effects of spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions on the ground states.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and self-organized pattern formation in nonlinear systems are fundamental phenomena with broad implications. Studying these effects in cold atomic gases, particularly through the optical control of laser-dressed Rydberg atoms, bridges atomic physics and modern optics. Here, we investigate the ground-state matter-wave pattern formation in cold Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with considerations of the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction and Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC). A surprising discovery is that the combination of these effects can induce spontaneous symmetry breaking in a plane-wave state of matter waves, giving rise to a variety of exotic self-organized structures, including stripes, positive and negative hexagons, squares, black-eye patterns, and quasi-lattices, among others. Furthermore, we uncover intriguing structural behaviors by considering inter- and intra-specific nonlocal interactions and the hard-core (contact, short-range) and soft-core (long-range) interactions. Our findings advance optical control of quantum matter, with potential applications in atomic-based information processing.