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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Ground states of SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with soft-core interaction in 2D radially periodic potentials

Yajun Wang, Mingfa Zheng, 方正 Fang Zheng, Xiaoting Mao, Xiao-Fei Zhang

Published May 9, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We consider the ground state properties of SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with soft-core interaction trapped in radially periodic potential. By minimizing the energy of the condensate, the effects of spin–orbit coupling and soft-core long-range interaction on the ground-state structure of such a system have been investigated for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin interaction cases. In the absence of soft-core interaction, our results show that the system has a rich variety of ground state phases, such as typical vortices, antivortices, domain wall and hexagonal vortex lattice. It is found that the spontaneous symmetry breaking and isolated density peaks appear in the system with the addition of soft-core interaction. We illustrate the physical mechanisms of different interactions in SU(3) SOC BECs.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/ae6b22

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Abstract We consider the ground state properties of SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with soft-core interaction trapped in radially periodic potential. By minimizing the energy of the condensate, the effects of spin–orbit coupling and soft-core long-range interaction on the ground-state structure of such a system have been investigated for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin interaction cases. In the absence of soft-core interaction, our results show that the system has a rich variety of ground state phases, such as typical vortices, antivortices, domain wall and hexagonal vortex lattice. It is found that the spontaneous symmetry breaking and isolated density peaks appear in the system with the addition of soft-core interaction. We illustrate the physical mechanisms of different interactions in SU(3) SOC BECs.
Abstract The use of Rydberg dressing technology to achieve long-range soft-core interaction in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) opens up new avenues for exploration of supersolid and its related phenomenon. We investigate the ground state of a two-component spin–orbit-coupled BECs with both long-range soft-core and contact interactions in radially periodic potentials. Our results show that the ground-state structures of the system are strongly influenced by spin–orbit coupling, contact interactions, long-range soft-core interactions, and the amplitude of the external potential. We find that such parameters can been used to induce desired ground-states structures, such as necklace structure of lump, striped standing wave, and especially ring dark soliton. Furthermore, we observe that the long-range soft-core interactions are used to manipulate the transition between miscible-immiscible phases like contact interactions. Our research provides another degree of freedom for manipulating supersolids in spin–orbit-coupled BECs.
We consider a SU(3) spin-orbit-coupled Bose gas with nonlocal soft-core interactions confined in a harmonic trapping potential. The presence of SU(3) spin-orbit coupling induces three minima of the single-particle spectrum. In the absence of spin-exchange interaction, our results show that regardless of the sign of the soft-core interaction, the ground state occupies one single minimum in the momentum space and corresponds to a threefold-degenerate magnetized phase. For the ferromagnetic condensate, the ground state shows an amplitude-modulated plane-wave state, where its modulated amplitude and frequency are related to the strength of the soft-core interaction and SU(3) spin-orbit coupling, respectively. In particular, due to the subtle balance of the soft-core interaction and SU(3) spin-orbit coupling, a stable higher-order spin vortex lattice can be formed in the lattice phase of an antiferromagnetic condensate, where the density distributions of each component and the total system show spatial configurations with threefold and sixfold symmetries, respectively. We also give an experimental protocol to observe such states within current experimental capacity.
We investigate the ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit coupling in a radially periodic potential by numerically solving the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations. In the radially periodic potential, we first demonstrate that spin–orbit-coupled antiferromagnetic BECs support a multiring petal phase. Polar–core vortex can be observed from phase profiles, which is manifested as circularly symmetric distribution. We further show that spin–orbit coupling can induce multiring soliton structure in ferromagnetic BECs. It is confirmed especially that the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to uniform distribution satisfies the rotational symmetry, and the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to partial splitting breaks the rotational symmetry. Adjusting the spin–orbit coupling strength can control the number of petal in antiferromagnetic BECs and the winding numbers of wave-function in ferromagnetic BECs. Finally, we discuss effects of spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions on the ground states.
We consider a pseudospin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensate with Rashba type of spin–orbit coupling and trapped in radially periodic potentials. The effects of spin–orbit coupling, amplitude of the lattice potential, and contact interaction, on the ground-state phases of the system are investigated numerically for two different types of radial lattices, i.e., with phase constant δ = 0 and π. We show that the system has a rich variety of ground-state phases, showing strong dependence on these controllable parameters. In addition, we find that for both types of radial lattices, such parameters can be used to induce desirable ground-state structures.
We consider a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic plus quartic trap. The ground-state wave functions of such a system are obtained by minimizing the Gross–Pitaevskii energy functional, and the effects of the spin-dependent interaction and spin–orbit coupling are investigated in detail. For the case of ferromagnetic spin interaction, the SU(3) spin–orbit coupling induces a threefold-degenerate plane wave ground state with nontrivial spin texture. For the case of antiferromagnetic spin interaction, the system shows phase separation for weak SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, where three discrete minima with unequal weights in momentum space are selected, while hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure for strong SU(3) SOC, where three discrete minima with equal weights are selected.
Abstract We consider the ground-state properties of Rashba spin–orbit-coupled pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in a rotating two-dimensional (2D) toroidal trap. In the absence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC), the increasing rotation frequency enhances the creation of giant vortices for the initially miscible BECs, while it can lead to the formation of semiring density patterns with irregular hidden vortex structures for the initially immiscible BECs. Without rotation, strong 2D isotropic SOC yields a heliciform-stripe phase for the initially immiscible BECs. Combined effects of rotation, SOC, and interatomic interactions on the vortex structures and typical spin textures of the ground state of the system are discussed systematically. In particular, for a fixed rotation frequency above the critical value, the increasing isotropic SOC favors a visible vortex necklace in each component which is accompanied by a hidden giant vortex plus a (several) hidden vortex necklace(s) in the central region. In the case of one-dimensional anisotropic SOC, large SOC strength results in the generation of hidden linear vortex string and the transition from initial component separation (component mixing) to component mixing (component separation). Furthermore, the peculiar spin textures including skyrmion lattice, skyrmion pair and skyrmion string are revealed in this system.