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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Two-Component Spin–Orbit-Coupled Bose–Einstein Condensates with Soft-Core Long Range Interactions Confined in Concentrically Coupled Annular Traps

Guangping Chen, Wei Han, Pu Tu, Chang-Bing Qiao, Xiao-Fei Zhang

Published Oct 27, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The soft-core long range interactions realized in Bose gases by Rydberg dressing technology open up a new avenues for quantum-state manipulation, especially to generate the supersolid and chiral supersolid. We investigate the ground-state of a two-component spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with unequal intra-species interactions and soft-core long range interactions confined in concentrically coupled annular traps. Our results show that for the equal soft-core long range interactions and unequal hard-core short range intra-species interactions, the ground-state exhibits three types of chiral supersolid, which are the three vortices, vortex pair and single vortex in each unit cell, respectively. For the unequal intra-species interactions and unequal soft-core long range interaction, the strong unequal intra-species interactions can give rise to two new types of chiral supersolid with single vortex or vortex pair in each unit cell. Our study provides a new potential approach to obtain chiral supersolid in a two-component spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.91.114301

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Dipolar Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantum-state manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel functional materials. Here we investigate the ground-state and rotational properties of a rotating two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, which consists of both dipolar bosonic atoms with magnetic dipole moments aligned vertically to the condensate and one without dipole moments, confined in concentrically coupled annular traps. For the nonrotational case, it is found that the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to control the location of each component between the inner and outer rings, and to induce the desired ground-state phase. Under finite rotation, it is shown that there exists a critical value of rotational frequency for the nondipolar case, above which vortex state can form at the trap center, and the related vortex structures depend strongly on the rotational frequency. For the dipolar case, it is found that various ground-state phases and the related vortex structures, such as polygonal vortex clusters and vortex necklaces, can be obtained via a proper choice of the dipolar interaction and rotational frequency. Finally, we also study and discuss the formation process of such vortex structures.
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Abstract We consider the ground state properties of SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with soft-core interaction trapped in radially periodic potential. By minimizing the energy of the condensate, the effects of spin–orbit coupling and soft-core long-range interaction on the ground-state structure of such a system have been investigated for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin interaction cases. In the absence of soft-core interaction, our results show that the system has a rich variety of ground state phases, such as typical vortices, antivortices, domain wall and hexagonal vortex lattice. It is found that the spontaneous symmetry breaking and isolated density peaks appear in the system with the addition of soft-core interaction. We illustrate the physical mechanisms of different interactions in SU(3) SOC BECs.
We consider a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with nonlocal Rydberg interactions confined in a toroidal trap. Our results show that the interplay among nonlocal Rydberg interactions, contact interactions, spin-orbit coupling, and the external toroidal trap can give rise to a rich variety of ground-state phases, such as lump necklace, chiral supersolid, standing- and plane-wave supersolid, and so on. Furthermore, we clarify the different breaking of symmetry induced by system parameters. Finally, the limiting case of a quasi-one-dimensional ring has also been investigated, and our analytical results agree well with the Gross-Pitaevskii numerical simulations. We also give an experimental protocol to observe these states in future experiments.