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Optical and Quantum Electronics

Structure microscopy of an atom in high magneto-optical medium based on transmission and reflection spectra

Aizaz Khan, Syed Arif Ullah, Bakht Amin Bacha, Saeed Ullah, Jehan Akbar

Published May 23, 2023• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A five level atomic medium driving by probe and standing waves control fields having dielectric function ϵr and permeability function µr is placed in a cavity of dielectric function ϵ1. The permittivity and permeability functions are directly related to the reflection and transmission spectra of the medium. The reflection and transmission spectra of the medium provide information about internal structure and properties of the atom. A central peak/depth is reported in the reflection and transmission spectra, which corresponds to the nuclear region of an atom. Around the central peak/depth regions, circular ring type patterns in the reflection and transmission spectra are reported. These ring type patterns exhibit atomic shells of the atoms. The theoretical investigation of internal structure microscopy of an atom have potential applications in nano-lithography and atom strapping. Our proposed model might be helpful for increasing the capability of optical microscopy and atoms imaging.

DOI
10.1007/s11082-023-04849-y

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Abstract A five level atomic medium driving by probe and standing waves control fields having dielectric function ϵr and permeability function µr is placed in a cavity of dielectric function ϵ1. The permittivity and permeability functions are directly related to the reflection and transmission spectra of the medium. The reflection and transmission spectra of the medium provide information about internal structure and properties of the atom. A central peak/depth is reported in the reflection and transmission spectra, which corresponds to the nuclear region of an atom. Around the central peak/depth regions, circular ring type patterns in the reflection and transmission spectra are reported. These ring type patterns exhibit atomic shells of the atoms. The theoretical investigation of internal structure microscopy of an atom have potential applications in nano-lithography and atom strapping. Our proposed model might be helpful for increasing the capability of optical microscopy and atoms imaging.
Abstract In this study we explore the microscopy of atoms in three dimensions using a new technique of absorption spectrum in an atomic system with five levels of one and two atoms microscopy, Wall-like microscopy & ellipsoidal like microscopy observed. The position and probability of localized atoms are controlled and modified by tunings, the phases, strength, and direction of the applied driving fields. The current work may have potential applications in laser cooling, microscopy, and atom nano-lithography.
The spectral properties of an electromagnetically induced grating that is based on the spatial modulation of the Raman gain in the field of a standing pump wave in a three-level homogeneous medium have been discussed. It has been shown that, by varying the intensity or the frequency of the pump field, one can control the transmission and reflection spectra, while the transmission and reflection coefficients of the probe (Raman) wave can simultaneously be greater than unity. The influence of the nonideality of the standing wave on the spectral characteristics of the grating has been studied.
Abstract We investigate one-dimensional position microscopy of a three-level atom moving through a stationary wave region under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The precise position information of an atom is observed on the resonance absorption and dispersion distribution spectrum of a weak probe field. Single and multiple localization peaks are observed in specific directions of the corresponding wave numbers and phase of the standing wave fields. The strength of space-independent Rabi frequency reduces the position uncertainty in the localized peaks without disturbing the probability of the atom. In a hot atomic medium the localized probability of an atom is reduced which depends upon the temperature of that medium. Our results provide useful applications in the development of laser cooling, atom nanolithography and Bose–Einstein condensation.
Abstract In this article, we introduce a new theoretical approach to improve the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization within a tripod-type, four-level atomic system by analyzing its transmission spectrum. In this method, the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a weak probe field. By examining how the weak probe field passes through the system, we can determine the atom position. Our analysis reveals the presence of both double and sharply defined single localized peaks in the transmission spectrum, which correspond to specific positions of the atom. Importantly, we achieve ultra-high-resolution atomic localization with accuracy confined to a region smaller than λ/32 × λ/32. This level of precision is a significant improvement compared to earlier methods, which had lower localization accuracy. The increased precision is due to the complex interaction between the atom and the carefully controlled standing-wave and probe fields, which allows for precise control over the atom’s position. The implications of this work are significant, especially for applications like nano-lithography, where precise atomic placement is essential, and for laser cooling technologies, where better atomic localization could lead to more effective cooling processes and improved manipulation of atomic states.
A new approach for achieving two - dimensional (2D) atom localization microscopy based on the projection of three - dimensional (3D) localization in the plane of the detector is described in the present work. Spatial variation of the position-dependent 2D-localization pattern in the xy-plane is obtained with the shifting of the position of the detector along the z-axis under the parallel- and cross- axis configurations of the standing-wave fields. An attempt is made to study the 2D-localization characteristics in the specific parametric conditions for which the localization structures evolve with different shapes eventually leading to 100% detection probability of the atom both in the sub-wavelength and sub-half-wavelength regimes. The scope of tuning the cross-axis configuration over a wide range adds novelty and robustness to this model. Apart from the 2D-localization, various localization patterns with eight- to single-peak structures appear as interesting outcomes through the efficient manipulation of control parameters in the study of one-dimensional (1D) atom localization. The application of the traveling-wave field or its equivalent appears to be unique in achieving high-precision localization with maximal probability (100%) in both the 1D and 2D field-configuration schemes. Proper tuning of the traveling wave accompanied by the standing wave in the 1D scheme results in the single-peak localization in the sub-half-wavelength range. As a whole, the present work seems to be very much efficient for high-precision optical lithography.
This paper introduces a method for achieving precise three-dimensional atomic microscopy within a three-level Λ-type configuration, utilizing a probe field and a standing-wave control field. The microscopy information is derived from the imaginary part of the effective susceptibility, which reveals the absorption spectrum. Applications of this approach to atomic microscopy are demonstrated for scenarios involving two atoms and interactions near boundary walls. The atomic positions are precisely controlled through parameters such as detunings (∆), field strengths (β1, p), decay rates (γa, b), and field phases (ϕ1y, ϕ1z). The theoretical findings presented in this study highlight the potential for significant advancements in applications such as laser cooling and nanolithography.