Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Communications in Theoretical Physics

Enhanced atomic localization and precision control in a four-level atomic medium via transmission spectrum

Muhammad Idrees, Fatima Ghulam Kakepoto, Zareen Abdulhameed Khan

Published Jul 24, 2025• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this article, we introduce a new theoretical approach to improve the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization within a tripod-type, four-level atomic system by analyzing its transmission spectrum. In this method, the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a weak probe field. By examining how the weak probe field passes through the system, we can determine the atom position. Our analysis reveals the presence of both double and sharply defined single localized peaks in the transmission spectrum, which correspond to specific positions of the atom. Importantly, we achieve ultra-high-resolution atomic localization with accuracy confined to a region smaller than λ/32 × λ/32. This level of precision is a significant improvement compared to earlier methods, which had lower localization accuracy. The increased precision is due to the complex interaction between the atom and the carefully controlled standing-wave and probe fields, which allows for precise control over the atom’s position. The implications of this work are significant, especially for applications like nano-lithography, where precise atomic placement is essential, and for laser cooling technologies, where better atomic localization could lead to more effective cooling processes and improved manipulation of atomic states.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/adf38b

Related papers

Spatial-dependent probe transmission based high-precision two-dimensional atomic localization

Muhammad Idrees, Humaira Kalsoom, Bakht Amin Bacha +2 more

Abstract Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in a λ -type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller than λ /25 × λ /25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 2, 2021•25 citations

High-resolution two-dimensional atomic microscopy in a tripod-type four-level atomic medium via standing wave fields

Muhammad Idrees, Muhib Ullah, Bakht Amin Bacha +2 more

Abstract We present an efficient two-dimensional atomic localization in a tripod-type four-level atomic medium using standing-wave fields. The localization behavior is significantly improved, and the maximum localization probability can be achieved under suitable conditions within the one-wavelength domain. Multiple sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain through examination of the absorption of the weak probe field, and theoretically, high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization can be achieved within a region smaller than λ /12 × λ /12, via the exploitation of quantum-coherence effects in laser–matter interactions. The spatial resolution of the atomic localization is extensively improved, compared to the cases with or without microwave fields studied previously. We believe that the results revealed here might have potential applications for atomic nanolithography, neutral-atom laser cooling and trapping, Bose–Einstein condensation and the center-of-mass wave-function measurements.

Laser Physics•Oct 30, 2020•39 citations

Tunable 2D atomic localization via azimuthal quantum number in a four-level tripod-type system

Muhammad Idrees, Yuee Xie, Yuanping Chen +2 more

In this work, we explore a tunable scheme for achieving precise two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization in a four-level tripod atomic system. The system is driven by two control fields with orbital angular momentum and a weak probe field. By varying the azimuthal quantum numbers, spatial phase shifts, and atomic decay rates, we demonstrate controlled manipulation of atomic localization with high spatial precision. The interaction of structured light fields with the atomic system generates interference patterns that result in sharp localization peaks in the 2D plane. The study investigates the effects of varying the control parameters, such as phase shifts and decay rates, on the number, spacing, and sharpness of these localization peaks. Notably, optimized parameters lead to the formation of a single, highly localized transmission peak, enabling subwavelength spatial resolution. Our results have significant implications for applications in atom lithography, precision spectroscopy, and quantum state engineering, offering a flexible method for precise control of atomic positions in quantum systems.

Journal of Applied Physics•Feb 17, 2026•1 citation

Precision in two-and three-dimensional atom localization via detuning and phase shifts using four-level tripod atomic system

Abdul Wahab, Akhtar Munir

The high-precision position measurement scheme of a single atom in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is investigated in a four-level tripod-type system. The atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing wave fields (OSWFs) and three OSWFs for two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) atom localization. The high-precision position of the atom is observed by adjusting the suitable system parameters. We achieve a high-precision single localized peak in the 2D plane and a single localized sphere smaller than the cubic optical wavelength in 3D volume space. We also see the impact of the Doppler shift on atom localization in 2D and 3D. We show that the Doppler shift dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information. The proposed high-precision atom localization scheme has applications in laser cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation phenomena.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Jul 8, 2020•5 citations

Ultrahigh-resolution atomic localization via superposition of standing waves

Muhammad Idrees, Ahmed S. Hendy, Zareen Abdulhameed Khan

Abstract In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-level λ -type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields. Our analysis provides an understanding of the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level, utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics. The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics. A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields, specifically a control field and a probe field. The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial localization of the atom within the proposed configuration. A theoretical investigation found that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain. Specifically, the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks was observed within a one-wavelength domain. We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field, probe field detuning and decay rates on atomic localization. Ultimately, we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultrahigh resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller than λ /35 × λ /35. These findings hold promise for potential applications in fields such as Bose–Einstein condensation, nanolithography, laser cooling, trapping of neutral atoms and the measurement of center-of-mass wave functions.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Oct 25, 2024•9 citations

Two-dimensional atom localization via a coherence-controlled absorption spectrum in anN-tripod-type five-level atomic system

Chunling Ding, Jiahua Li, Xiaoxue Yang +2 more

A scheme of two-dimensional atom localization based on a coherence-controlled absorption spectrum in an N -tripod-type five-level system is proposed, in which the atom interacts with a weak probe field and three standing-wave fields. Position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that the localization properties are significantly improved due to the interaction of dark resonances. It is also shown that the localization factors depend strongly on the system parameters that lead to such spatial structures of localization as chain-like, wave-like, '8'-like, spike-like, crater-like and heart-like patterns. By properly adjusting the system parameters, we can achieve a high-precision and high-resolution atom localization under certain conditions.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jun 29, 2011•45 citations
Abstract In this article, we introduce a new theoretical approach to improve the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization within a tripod-type, four-level atomic system by analyzing its transmission spectrum. In this method, the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a weak probe field. By examining how the weak probe field passes through the system, we can determine the atom position. Our analysis reveals the presence of both double and sharply defined single localized peaks in the transmission spectrum, which correspond to specific positions of the atom. Importantly, we achieve ultra-high-resolution atomic localization with accuracy confined to a region smaller than λ/32 × λ/32. This level of precision is a significant improvement compared to earlier methods, which had lower localization accuracy. The increased precision is due to the complex interaction between the atom and the carefully controlled standing-wave and probe fields, which allows for precise control over the atom’s position. The implications of this work are significant, especially for applications like nano-lithography, where precise atomic placement is essential, and for laser cooling technologies, where better atomic localization could lead to more effective cooling processes and improved manipulation of atomic states.
Abstract Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in a λ -type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller than λ /25 × λ /25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.
Abstract We present an efficient two-dimensional atomic localization in a tripod-type four-level atomic medium using standing-wave fields. The localization behavior is significantly improved, and the maximum localization probability can be achieved under suitable conditions within the one-wavelength domain. Multiple sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain through examination of the absorption of the weak probe field, and theoretically, high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization can be achieved within a region smaller than λ /12 × λ /12, via the exploitation of quantum-coherence effects in laser–matter interactions. The spatial resolution of the atomic localization is extensively improved, compared to the cases with or without microwave fields studied previously. We believe that the results revealed here might have potential applications for atomic nanolithography, neutral-atom laser cooling and trapping, Bose–Einstein condensation and the center-of-mass wave-function measurements.
In this work, we explore a tunable scheme for achieving precise two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization in a four-level tripod atomic system. The system is driven by two control fields with orbital angular momentum and a weak probe field. By varying the azimuthal quantum numbers, spatial phase shifts, and atomic decay rates, we demonstrate controlled manipulation of atomic localization with high spatial precision. The interaction of structured light fields with the atomic system generates interference patterns that result in sharp localization peaks in the 2D plane. The study investigates the effects of varying the control parameters, such as phase shifts and decay rates, on the number, spacing, and sharpness of these localization peaks. Notably, optimized parameters lead to the formation of a single, highly localized transmission peak, enabling subwavelength spatial resolution. Our results have significant implications for applications in atom lithography, precision spectroscopy, and quantum state engineering, offering a flexible method for precise control of atomic positions in quantum systems.
The high-precision position measurement scheme of a single atom in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is investigated in a four-level tripod-type system. The atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing wave fields (OSWFs) and three OSWFs for two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) atom localization. The high-precision position of the atom is observed by adjusting the suitable system parameters. We achieve a high-precision single localized peak in the 2D plane and a single localized sphere smaller than the cubic optical wavelength in 3D volume space. We also see the impact of the Doppler shift on atom localization in 2D and 3D. We show that the Doppler shift dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information. The proposed high-precision atom localization scheme has applications in laser cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation phenomena.
Abstract In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-level λ -type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields. Our analysis provides an understanding of the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level, utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics. The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics. A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields, specifically a control field and a probe field. The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial localization of the atom within the proposed configuration. A theoretical investigation found that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain. Specifically, the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks was observed within a one-wavelength domain. We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field, probe field detuning and decay rates on atomic localization. Ultimately, we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultrahigh resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller than λ /35 × λ /35. These findings hold promise for potential applications in fields such as Bose–Einstein condensation, nanolithography, laser cooling, trapping of neutral atoms and the measurement of center-of-mass wave functions.
A scheme of two-dimensional atom localization based on a coherence-controlled absorption spectrum in an N -tripod-type five-level system is proposed, in which the atom interacts with a weak probe field and three standing-wave fields. Position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that the localization properties are significantly improved due to the interaction of dark resonances. It is also shown that the localization factors depend strongly on the system parameters that lead to such spatial structures of localization as chain-like, wave-like, '8'-like, spike-like, crater-like and heart-like patterns. By properly adjusting the system parameters, we can achieve a high-precision and high-resolution atom localization under certain conditions.