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AIP conference proceedings

Photon-polarization qubits under the influence of depolarizing quantum channel operation

Suryadi Suryadi

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The noisy quantum channel significantly causes the qubits to lose coherence. The depolarizing quantum channel is one of the most pessimistic quantum channels, which possibly causes the qubit coherence to be entirely lost. The success of the quantum information process depends on the strategy used to prevent the quantum system from interacting with the noisy quantum channel. Therefore, understanding depolarizing quantum operations is essential for investigating the effects of noisy channels on various quantum information processes. In this work, we have successfully implemented the depolarizing quantum channel for polarization photonic qubits in the laboratory. The depolarizing quantum channel was capable of continuously varying the degree of depolarization for all input-state polarizations.

DOI
10.1063/5.0115519

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The noisy quantum channel significantly causes the qubits to lose coherence. The depolarizing quantum channel is one of the most pessimistic quantum channels, which possibly causes the qubit coherence to be entirely lost. The success of the quantum information process depends on the strategy used to prevent the quantum system from interacting with the noisy quantum channel. Therefore, understanding depolarizing quantum operations is essential for investigating the effects of noisy channels on various quantum information processes. In this work, we have successfully implemented the depolarizing quantum channel for polarization photonic qubits in the laboratory. The depolarizing quantum channel was capable of continuously varying the degree of depolarization for all input-state polarizations.
Entangled photons are important resources for quantum information. Especially, in quantum cryptography, the polarization entangled photons are highly secured. However, the entanglement of photon can hold in isolated system. In realistic system, the entangled photons inevitably interact with environment. In this work, we study the effect of depolarizing noise on the two general entangled qubits. The entangled photon are prepared with different entangled states and send to the depolarizing channel. We measure the entanglement quality by using concurrence. When the entangled photons interact to the depolarizing noise, the entanglement quality of photons will be degraded, and the concurrence of entangled photons reduces to 0. Moreover, we also apply Hadamard gate to the entangled qubits and send to the depolarizing channel. The Hadamard gate can filter the maximally entangled qubits in the depolarizing channel.
One of the major challenges in quantum computation has been to preserve the coherence of a quantum system against dephasing effects of the environment. The information stored in photon polarization, for example, is quickly lost due to such dephasing, and it is crucial to preserve the input states when one tries to transmit quantum information encoded in the photons through a communication channel. We propose a dynamical decoupling sequence, to protect photonic qubits from dephasing, by integrating wave plates into optical fiber at prescribed locations. We simulate random birefringent noise along realistic lengths of optical fiber and study preservation of polarization qubits through such fibers enhanced with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) dynamical decoupling. This technique can maintain photonic qubit coherence at high fidelity, making a step toward achieving scalable and useful quantum communication with photonic qubits.
Controlling the depolarization of light is a long-standing open problem. In recent years, many demonstrations have used the polarization of single photons to encode quantum information. The depolarization of these photons is equivalent to the decoherence of the quantum information they encode. We present schemes for building various depolarizing channels with controlled properties using birefringent crystals. Three such schemes are demonstrated, and their effects on single photons are shown by quantum process tomography to be in good agreement with a theoretical model.
One of the major challenges in quantum computation has been to preserve the coherence of a quantum system against dephasing effects of the environment. The information stored in photon polarization, for example, is quickly lost due to such dephasing, and it is crucial to preserve the input states when one tries to transmit quantum information encoded in the photons through a communication channel. We propose a dynamical decoupling sequence, to protect photonic qubits from dephasing, by integrating wave plates into optical fiber at prescribed locations. We simulate random birefringent noise along realistic lengths of optical fiber and study preservation of polarization qubits through such fibers enhanced with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) dynamical decoupling. This technique can maintain photonic qubit coherence at high fidelity, making a step toward achieving scalable and useful quantum communication with photonic qubits. © 2012 American Physical Society.
In this dissertation, it is realized a study of light polarization and its applications in quantum communications. Initially, the mathematical tools needed for single-photon and coherent states polarization analyses are presented: coherence matrix, Stokes parameters and polarization degree. Following, using numerical simulations, it is presented the variation of the degree of polarization of a single-photon pulse during depolarizing channel propagation. At last, the result of an experiment using coherent states, aiming to measure the degree of polarization after propagation in 200 m optical fiber is presented. The experiment is useful for determination of the parameter of the qubit depolarizing channel model. Since light polarization is easily changed when environment fluctuations are present during fiber propagation, optical schemes able to correct unpredictable polarization changes are studied. Such schemes are employed for error correction in quantum communication systems. Based on already proposed error correction schemes, two new schemes are proposed, one for systems that employs polarization of singlephoton light, and other for systems that employs polarization of two-mode coherent states, being the first active, that is, requiring a control and synchronism protocol, while the second is passive. At last, it is realized a security analysis of a quantum key distribution system, employing the proposed error correction scheme, when the same is under Fuch-Peres-Brandt attack. It is shown that using the proposed error correction scheme the presence of an eavesdropper monitoring the quantum channel is more visible.