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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Effect of depolarizing noise on entangled photons

Ruchipas Bavontaweepanya

Published Dec 1, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entangled photons are important resources for quantum information. Especially, in quantum cryptography, the polarization entangled photons are highly secured. However, the entanglement of photon can hold in isolated system. In realistic system, the entangled photons inevitably interact with environment. In this work, we study the effect of depolarizing noise on the two general entangled qubits. The entangled photon are prepared with different entangled states and send to the depolarizing channel. We measure the entanglement quality by using concurrence. When the entangled photons interact to the depolarizing noise, the entanglement quality of photons will be degraded, and the concurrence of entangled photons reduces to 0. Moreover, we also apply Hadamard gate to the entangled qubits and send to the depolarizing channel. The Hadamard gate can filter the maximally entangled qubits in the depolarizing channel.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1144/1/012047

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Entangled photons are important resources for quantum information. Especially, in quantum cryptography, the polarization entangled photons are highly secured. However, the entanglement of photon can hold in isolated system. In realistic system, the entangled photons inevitably interact with environment. In this work, we study the effect of depolarizing noise on the two general entangled qubits. The entangled photon are prepared with different entangled states and send to the depolarizing channel. We measure the entanglement quality by using concurrence. When the entangled photons interact to the depolarizing noise, the entanglement quality of photons will be degraded, and the concurrence of entangled photons reduces to 0. Moreover, we also apply Hadamard gate to the entangled qubits and send to the depolarizing channel. The Hadamard gate can filter the maximally entangled qubits in the depolarizing channel.
Due to the important role of quantum information technology in the future development of science and technology, researchers have extensively studied the preparation, characterization, and application of quantum systems. It is of great significance to further study the universality and generalization of multi-qubit entangled states. Especially in quantum communication, the actual quantum system is always affected by various noises from the environment. Noise has a significant impact on the properties of the actual quantum system, so we study the effects of noise on a prepared two-photon four-qubit state by two methods. We experimentally simulated the most common bit-flip noise in quantum systems. The law of evolution of the fidelity of two-dimensional four-qubit states and violation of the Mermin inequality and the Ardehali inequality for LR under different levels of bit-flip noise are investigated. The experimental results show that entanglement fidelity and nonlocality can be used to judge the degree of noise interference in the quantum channel and, thus, judge the security of the quantum communication channel. This judgment is of great significance for the realization of practical long-distance multi-node quantum communication.
Abstract Most quantum systems that are used for generating entanglement and for practical applications are not isolated from the environment, and are hence susceptible to noise. Entanglement in more than one degree of freedom between two systems, known as hyperentanglement, is known to have certain advantages, including robustness against noise over conventional entangled states. Quantum illumination, imaging and communication schemes that involve sending one photon from a pair of entangled photons and retaining the other photon usually involve exposing only the signal photon to environmental noise. The disruptive nature of noise degrades entanglement and other correlations which are crucial for many of these applications. In this paper, we study the advantages of using photon pairs in certain path-polarization hyperentangled states in a noisy interaction where photons in only one of the paths are affected by noise. We model such noise and study the effect of noise on the correlations present in the hyperentangled photons. Three different methods, entanglement negativity, entanglement witnesses and Bell nonlocality are used to show the resilience of path-polarization hyperentangled probe state against noise.
The noisy quantum channel significantly causes the qubits to lose coherence. The depolarizing quantum channel is one of the most pessimistic quantum channels, which possibly causes the qubit coherence to be entirely lost. The success of the quantum information process depends on the strategy used to prevent the quantum system from interacting with the noisy quantum channel. Therefore, understanding depolarizing quantum operations is essential for investigating the effects of noisy channels on various quantum information processes. In this work, we have successfully implemented the depolarizing quantum channel for polarization photonic qubits in the laboratory. The depolarizing quantum channel was capable of continuously varying the degree of depolarization for all input-state polarizations.
Quantum entanglement is notorious for being a very fragile resource. Significant efforts have been put into the study of entanglement degradation in the presence of a realistic noisy environment. Here, we present a theoretical and an experimental study of the decoherence properties of entangled pairs of qubits. The entanglement dynamics of maximally entangled qubit pairs is shown to be related in a simple way to the noise representation in the Bloch sphere picture. We derive the entanglement level in the case when both qubits of a Bell state are transmitted through any arbitrary unital Pauli channel, and compare it to the case when the channel is applied only to one of the qubits. The dynamics of both cases was verified experimentally using an all-optical setup. We further investigated the evolution of partially entangled initial states. Different dynamics was observed for initial mixed and pure states of the same entanglement level.
The quantum nonlocal correlation of quantum states plays an important role in the quantum information and quantum computing protocols. However, during the transmission of entangled states in the quantum channel, they will inevitably interact with the environment, resulting in the degradation of the coherence and then weakening the quantum nonlocal correlation. Using a high probability quantum nonlocal correlation testing scheme based on Hardy-type paradox, in this paper we investigate the quantum nonlocal correlation testing of two-qubit polarization entangled states when they transmit through amplitude damping channel (ADC), phase damping channel (PDC) and depolarization damping channel (DC). The results show that DC has a great influence on the quantum nonlocal correlation testing, while PDC has little influence on the quantum nonlocal correlation testing of quantum states. Finally, this paper also gives condition for the successful quantum nonlocal correlation testing of ADC under weak measurement and quantum weak measurement reversal operation. The results show that when the intensity of weak measurement increases, the influence of ADC decoherence effect on quantum nonlocal correlation testing can be effectively reduced.
Absolutely maximally entangled states are quantum states that exhibit maximal entanglement across any bipartition, making them valuable for applications. This study investigates the behavior of qubit AME states under the influence of noisy quantum channels. Our results demonstrate that for certain channels, such as the depolarizing channel, the entanglement properties remain invariant under local unitary transformations and are independent of the choice of qubits in each subset. However, for channels like the dephasing channel, the entanglement behavior can vary depending on the specific AME state and the choice of qubits, revealing a symmetry-breaking effect. These findings highlight the nuanced relationship between AME states and noise, providing insights into their robustness and potential applications in noisy quantum systems.