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Graduate texts in contemporary physics

The Dipole Force

Harold J. Metcalf, P. van der Straten

Published Jan 1, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4612-1470-0_9

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We show that the known expressions for the force on a point-like dipole are incompatible with the relativistic transformation of force, and in this respect we apply the Lagrangian approach to the derivation of the correct equation for force on a small electric/magnetic dipole. The obtained expression for the generalized momentum of a moving dipole predicts two novel quantum effects with non-topological and non-dynamic phases, when an electric dipole is moving in an electric field, and when a magnetic dipole is moving in a magnetic field, respectively.

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Laser cooling of lithium atoms by a strong standing wave

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An atom moving in a strong standing wave radiation field may be translationally cooled by the induced or dipole force.1 The dipole force is proportional to I1/2, where I is the laser intensity, whereas the Doppler (usual) cooling force saturates with increasing I. Since laser sources can provide intensities which are much greater than the saturation intensities of many atomic transitions, cooling via the dipole force can be much more efficient than Doppler cooling. The dipole force has been used to cool the transverse2,3 and the longitudinal4 velocities of atoms in an atomic beam.

•May 21, 1990•0 citations
We show that the known expressions for the force on a point-like dipole are incompatible with the relativistic transformation of force, and in this respect we apply the Lagrangian approach to the derivation of the correct equation for force on a small electric/magnetic dipole. The obtained expression for the generalized momentum of a moving dipole predicts two novel quantum effects with non-topological and non-dynamic phases, when an electric dipole is moving in an electric field, and when a magnetic dipole is moving in a magnetic field, respectively.
An atom moving in a strong standing wave radiation field may be translationally cooled by the induced or dipole force.1 The dipole force is proportional to I1/2, where I is the laser intensity, whereas the Doppler (usual) cooling force saturates with increasing I. Since laser sources can provide intensities which are much greater than the saturation intensities of many atomic transitions, cooling via the dipole force can be much more efficient than Doppler cooling. The dipole force has been used to cool the transverse2,3 and the longitudinal4 velocities of atoms in an atomic beam.