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Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications

Development of a Metrological System for Measuring the Characteristics of Single Photon Detectors Based on an Educational Platform EMQOS 1.0

Joscelin Rabenandrasana, A. V. Bachus, T. V. Kazieva, N. S. Trofimov, M. V. Boltanskii

Published Mar 14, 2023• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The article considers a system for measuring the parameters of single photon detectors implemented on the EMQOS 1.0 platform. A description of the experimental setup and its main parameters is presented. The possibility of using the assembled experimental stand for the metrology of photodetectors in the field of telecommunication wavelengths is shown. The results of testing a single photon detector designed for operation in quantum communication systems are presented.

DOI
10.1109/ieeeconf56737.2023.10092001

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The article considers a system for measuring the parameters of single photon detectors implemented on the EMQOS 1.0 platform. A description of the experimental setup and its main parameters is presented. The possibility of using the assembled experimental stand for the metrology of photodetectors in the field of telecommunication wavelengths is shown. The results of testing a single photon detector designed for operation in quantum communication systems are presented.
Abstract Automated measuring stand (AMS) for evaluation of the operational parameters of single-photon detectors (SPD) has been developed together with the software that implements the method of evaluating SPD efficiency parameters from the experimental data measured with AMS. We present graphical interface of the software, which allows generating recommendations for configuring operation mode of the detector and its subsequent integration into the quantum key distribution (QKD) system. Successful tests of the results of our work enable their implementation in the SPD production process.
The possibility of implementing the technology of quantum key distribution on discrete variables in free space is demonstrated. The experimental setup is based on mass produced equipment – terminals for atmospheric optical communication lines and the scientific and educational complex EMQOS 1.0. The latter is designed for conducting educational and research work in the field of quantum optics. The nodes that need to be modified in equipment have been identified. Both terminals for atmospheric optical communication lines and quantum key distribution units were modified accordingly in order to implement the modular principle of building quantum communication systems in the atmosphere.
The results of the analysis of laboratory complexes for training specialists in the field of quantum communications are presented. This review examines laboratory installations that are mass-produced and supplied to educational institutions. A classification and comparative analysis of the characteristics of these educational and research complexes has been performed. The review focuses on the analysis of the possibilities of educational laboratory complexes for use in scientific research that can be performed using this equipment. Perspective developments with the highest potential of applications in the implementation of scientific work of students in the field of quantum communications have been identified. The functional capabilities of the EMQOS 1.0 scientific and educational complex and examples of its application in scientific research are reviewed in detail. The results of studies performed using this complex in experiments on the implementation of quantum key distribution in a free atmosphere and hybrid communication lines are analyzed. The possibilities of using the EMQOS 1.0 complex to research various external influences on a fiber-optic cable through which a quantum communication channel is implemented and also the possibility of conducting metrological tests of key elements of quantum key distribution equipment, are reviewed. A number of disadvantages of the complex have been identified, the elimination of which can significantly improve the functional properties of the complex for use in scientific research. Based on research example made by various teams, options for using the complex as part of research stands are proposed, which show the significant potential of the complex for further modernization and usage in scientific research.
The dependence of the quantum efficiency of the single photon detector as a function of the average number of photons in the laser pulse is investigated. A method of estimation of quantum efficiency of a single photon detector in the operating mode of a quantum key distribution system operating according to the BB84 protocol is proposed. On the basis of an academic installation of the key quantum distribution system EMQOS 1.0 of the company QRate the experimental researches are executed and dependences of quantum efficiency of the detector of single photons from an average number of photons falling on the detector at various lengths of pulse sequences are received. Practical recommendations are given for the use of the proposed technique to estimate the quantum efficiency of single photon detectors.
The use of quantum technologies has risen drastically in the last decades, offering an enhancement in terms of the technological capabilities available nowadays. Found in this field of research, quantum communications based on the transmission of single photons offer new approaches to redefine the use of protocols and devices for specialised applications. As a final result, this leads to the accomplishment of long-range quantum networks with terrestrial and satellite-based communications set to establish a new scale of Telecommunication applications. Within these kinds of applications, this project focuses on the assembly of a single-photon detector using a photodiode of type Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), essential device to define the level of performance of any quantum communication system. To carry this out, the system is assembled around its centre piece, an Excelitas APD operated in Geiger mode above its breakdown voltage. The electronic circuit that drives the photodiode is characterised to work with its adjusted bias voltage, its dedicated temperature management system and its active quenching circuit to detect pulses with certainty and precision. The final version of the project is adjusted to work in the 1300nm and 1500nm operating wavelengths as the photodiode used is formed by an InGaAs/InP semiconductor structure. Working on top of the original circuit provided initially, the experimental measurements obtained in the course of the project prove that the design modifications implemented have improved the functioning of the whole system. The main achievements accomplished encompass the generation of pulses for photon detection at 20kHz, the reduction of electromagnetic interferences by a factor 40, the enhancement of the manipulated signals in the circuit by a factor of tens, and the correct management of the SPAD temperature to maintain a fixed value of dark counts for a long time.