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Оптика и спектроскопия

Особенности флуоресценции паров атомов Rb, заключенных в ячейку с антирелаксационным покрытием

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Papoyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The features of the fluorescence spectra of Rb D1 line vapors were studied for the first time using a cell with anti-relaxation PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) coating. At high intensities (> 200mW/cm2) of a cw narrow-band diode laser in the transmission spectra due to the effect of optical pumping, there are no absorption lines at atomic transitions, while in the fluorescence spectrum, all 8 atomic transitions of the D1 line are pronounced. A strong redistribution of fluorescence intensity is registered for atomic transitions of 85Rb and 87Rb: in particular, the ratio of fluorescence amplitudes for transitions of 87Rb, Fg = 1 - Fe = 1, 2 in a regular cell is 5, while for a PDMS cell it is equal to 1.5. A physical explanation of the observed features of fluorescence in a PDMS cell is given. A significant increase of fluorescence intensity and a change in redistribution at the transitions with increasing of the PDMS cell temperature is demonstrated. It is noted that at large intensities of laser radiation (when there are no peaks on the transmission/absorption spectra of atomic transitions), fluorescence spectra remain the only convenient and informative tool for studying the behavior of atoms.

DOI
10.21883/os.2023.02.55016.4585-22

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The features of the fluorescence spectra of Rb D1 line vapors were studied for the first time using a cell with anti-relaxation PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) coating. At high intensities (> 200mW/cm2) of a cw narrow-band diode laser in the transmission spectra due to the effect of optical pumping, there are no absorption lines at atomic transitions, while in the fluorescence spectrum, all 8 atomic transitions of the D1 line are pronounced. A strong redistribution of fluorescence intensity is registered for atomic transitions of 85Rb and 87Rb: in particular, the ratio of fluorescence amplitudes for transitions of 87Rb, Fg = 1 - Fe = 1, 2 in a regular cell is 5, while for a PDMS cell it is equal to 1.5. A physical explanation of the observed features of fluorescence in a PDMS cell is given. A significant increase of fluorescence intensity and a change in redistribution at the transitions with increasing of the PDMS cell temperature is demonstrated. It is noted that at large intensities of laser radiation (when there are no peaks on the transmission/absorption spectra of atomic transitions), fluorescence spectra remain the only convenient and informative tool for studying the behavior of atoms.
Abstract A better theoretical understanding of the atom – surface interactions and of the experimental consequences and applications to a reproducible method for the construction of reliable coated absorption cells is the main scope of our research. In this paper we report on the influence of diode laser intensity and of diode frequency scanning rate on the spectrum of the D2 line of Rb atoms, contained in paraffin or PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) coated glass cells. The anti-relaxation coating of inner walls of the glass cells allows to extend the optical orientation of atoms induced by the light to the entire cell volume and atomic velocity distribution. Moreover, in order to further investigate the role of atoms adsorbed in the anti-relaxation coatings, the D2 line spectra are compared for two cases: without and with illumination of the walls of the cell by an ultraviolet lamp. A theoretical model based on rate equations is introduced in order to analyze the experimental results. The extracted behaviour is a simple method to test the conditions of a coated surface. This finds applications in all cases where timely assessment of an organic coating layer is critical, from vapour spectroscopy to magneto-optical trapping of rare and radioactive species.
In this communication, we present the results of a systematic study of the new behavior of Rb D1 fluorescence line profiles, for laser frequency detuning over the D1 line hyperfine structure observed in optical cell with anti-relaxation coating of high quality. Experimental spectra are analyzed by means of theoretical calculations of D1 line spectrum obtained by numerical simulation. The provided analysis makes it possible to specify the physical processes responsible for the modification of the shape and the amplitude of the fluorescence line profiles. In addition, the experimentally observed dependences of the measured spectrum on the rate and the direction of laser frequency scan are analyzed.
The features of resonance fluorescence and absorption of resonance laser radiation in atomic vapors in a superthin cell with thickness L of the order of a wavelength lambda are investigated theoretically. Taking into account the Fabry-Perot interference effect, it is found that the dependence of the fluorescence and absorption spectra on the ratio L/lambda is substantially different. Coherent spectral narrowing - the Dicke effect - when L=(2n+1)lambda/2 and broadening of the spectral line when L = n lambda (n is a whole number) are observed in the absorption spectra. This effect is absent in the spector of resonance fluorescence in extended media. It is also shown that the processes of saturation and optical pumping significantly alter the spectral line shape as the laser intensity increases; in particular, additional sub-Doppler dips appear at the frequency of the atomic transitions. Calculated curves are given for the D2 lines of ^85Rb atoms. © 2004 Optical Society of America
Optical characterization of antirelaxation coatings with regard to their applications in coherent spectroscopy and LIAD experiments is presented. A simple method, based on the recording of the fluorescence intensity of the Rb alkali atoms during resonant light pulse irradiation is used for comparison of the antirelaxation properties of the coatings. The LIAD yield and dynamics are measured by registration of the 780 nm Rb line transmission. The comparison of the parameters of PDMS coatings prepared with two different solutions in ether (PDMS 2% and PDMS 5%) shows that when illuminating with such LED intensity at which the LIAD efficiency is equal in the two cells, the light induced Rb vapor density changes are about an order of magnitude slower in the PDMS 2% cell, and the antirelaxation properties of the two cells are equal.
Absorption and fluorescence in Rb sub-micron cell on D2 line have been studied when the thickness L varies in the range of 0.5 λ - 3.5 λ, and the laser intensity is 0.1 - 1 W/cm2 (λ = 780 nm, λL ~ 5 MHz). When L = (2n +1) λ/2 (n-integer) and I ~ 0.1 W/cm2, revival of peaks of Dicke-type coherent narrowing effect with some modification of the spectra (as compared with low intensity regime) are still observable. The experimental results obtained at I ~ 1 W/cm2 for L = λ/2 show that there are no "dips" of a reduced absorption in the spectra, though there is a strong spectral broadening of the absorption (and fluorescence), as well as a reduction of the absorption (in contrast, I ~ 1 mW/cm2 is sufficient to create the dips when L = λ). Probably, this is caused by a strong Dicke narrowing regime when L = λ/2. Several additional differences of fluorescence and absorption spectra behaviour at high intensities are revealed.
It has been experimentally demonstrated that the use of the effect of significant narrowing of the fluorescence spectrum from a nanocell that contains a column of atomic Rb vapor with a thickness of L = 0.5λ (where λ = 794 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation, whose frequency is resonant with the atomic transition of the D 1 line of Rb) and the application of narrowband diode lasers allow the spectral separation and investigation of changes in probabilities of optical atomic transitions between levels of the hyperfine structure of the D 1 line of 87Rb and 85Rb atoms in external magnetic fields of 10–2500 Gs (for example, for one of transitions, the probability increases ∼17 times). Small column thicknesses (∼390 nm) allow the application of permanent magnets, which facilitates significantly the creation of strong magnetic fields. Experimental results are in a good agreement with the theoretical values. The advantages of this method over other existing methods are noted. The results obtained show that a magnetometer with a local spatial resolution of ∼390 nm can be created based on a nanocell with the column thickness L = 0.5λ. This result is important for mapping strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields.