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Optics and Spectroscopy

Spontaneous Four-Photon Mixing in the Formation of Ghost Images

Aleksandr V. Belinsky, V. V. Vasilkov

Published Dec 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A generalization of the calculation of the formation of ghost images in the course of backward four-photon mixing to the real situation of non-planar spatially limited pumping, which has a Gaussian profile of the fundamental laser mode, is developed, taking into account the specifics of the formation of ghost images. Computer images have been obtained that make it possible to estimate the spatial resolution of the systems. A relatively simple equivalent scheme for describing the process is proposed, which shows that the effect of diffraction in nonlinear systems is similar to its role in ordinary linear optics with a limited aperture. A fiber-optic version of the formation of ghost images is proposed, suitable for the study of hard-to-reach cavities and organs of the human body, which allow the introduction of a thin fiber bundle there.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x2213001x

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A generalization of the calculation of the formation of ghost images in the course of backward four-photon mixing to the real situation of non-planar spatially limited pumping, which has a Gaussian profile of the fundamental laser mode, is developed, taking into account the specifics of the formation of ghost images. Computer images have been obtained that make it possible to estimate the spatial resolution of the systems. A relatively simple equivalent scheme for describing the process is proposed, which shows that the effect of diffraction in nonlinear systems is similar to its role in ordinary linear optics with a limited aperture. A fiber-optic version of the formation of ghost images is proposed, suitable for the study of hard-to-reach cavities and organs of the human body, which allow the introduction of a thin fiber bundle there.
A generalization of the calculation of the formation of ghost images in the course of backward four-photon mixing to the real situation of non-planar spatially limited pumping, which has a Gaussian profile of the fundamental laser mode, is developed, taking into account the specifics of the formation of phantom images. Computer images have been obtained that make it possible to estimate the spatial resolution of the systems. A relatively simple equivalent scheme for describing the process is proposed, which shows that the effect of diffraction in nonlinear systems is similar to its role in ordinary linear optics with a limited aperture. A fiber-optic version of the formation of ghost images is proposed, suitable for the study of hard-to-reach cavities and organs of the human body, which allow the introduction of a thin fiber bundle there.
A generalization of the calculation of the formation of ghost images in the course of backward four-photon mixing to the real situation of non-planar spatially limited pumping, which has a Gaussian profile of the fundamental laser mode, is developed, taking into account the specifics of the formation of phantom images. Computer images have been obtained that make it possible to estimate the spatial resolution of the systems. A relatively simple equivalent scheme for describing the process is proposed, which shows that the effect of diffraction in nonlinear systems is similar to its role in ordinary linear optics with a limited aperture. A fiber-optic version of the formation of ghost images is proposed, suitable for the study of hard-to-reach cavities and organs of the human body, which allow the introduction of a thin fiber bundle there. Keywords: quantum entangled states, quantum images, optical systems, ghost images, quantum measurements.
A new type of optical imaging is described, which has undoubted advantages in certain applications in comparison with traditional optical methods. The use of nonlinear optical quantum processes makes it possible to obtain entangled photon pairs rigidly correlated in space and time in the course of spontaneous parametric three-photon scattering and counter-propagating four-photon mixing. This correlation can be used to construct ghost images. A fiber-optic version of the formation of phantom images is also described, which is suitable for the study of hard-to-reach cavities and organs of the human body, which allow the introduction of a thin fiber-optic bundle.
Quantum ghost imaging harnesses entangled photon pairs to form images using light that never directly interacts with the object. Conventional approaches rely on pixelated detectors or spatial masks, where the resolution is fundamentally limited by the pixel size and thus bounded by the Rayleigh criterion. In this work, we present a modal approach that replaces pixel-based detection with measurements in a basis of structured modes. By reconstructing images through tailored spatial modes, we decouple resolution from the physical limitations of detectors and instead tie it to the system’s optical precision and computational control. We demonstrate that even non-orthogonal modal sets can achieve high fidelity image reconstruction by exploiting modal sparsity, significantly reducing the number of required measurements. Using phase-only approximations of Hermite-Gaussian modes, we avoid the loss associated with complex amplitude modulation while retaining high reconstruction fidelity. The result is a high-resolution, high-efficiency quantum ghost imaging technique powered by structured light, opening new possibilities for photon-efficient imaging in low-light and quantum-limited regimes, such as biological microscopy and remote sensing.