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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Conical emissions and phase conjugation in atomic sodium

John Pender, Lambertus Hesselink

Published Jan 1, 1988• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Conical emissions in atomic sodium in which the cone wavelength is the same as the pump wavelength have been reported. These emissions appear about a single pump when the laser is tuned to the blue side of the D2 line but do not appear for red detunings. If two counterpropagating pumps are used, conical emissions appear for both blue and red detunings.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1988.fl3

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Conical emissions in atomic sodium in which the cone wavelength is the same as the pump wavelength have been reported. These emissions appear about a single pump when the laser is tuned to the blue side of the D2 line but do not appear for red detunings. If two counterpropagating pumps are used, conical emissions appear for both blue and red detunings.
Two types of conical emission in sodium have appeared in the past. In the first, a single tightly focused laser beam is tuned to the blue side of the D1 line in conditions compatible with self-trapping. The emission is specular, has a cone half-angle of a degree, and occurs on the red side of line center. In the second type, two weakly focused counterpropagating laser beams are tuned to the red side of line center. The emission consists of radial filaments, has a cone half-angle of 8°, and is the same wavelength as the pumps. We report on yet a third type of conical emission which is distinct from the first two types by virtue of its spatial and spectral characteristics. Like the first type, the pumps are tuned to the blue side of line center, the emission has a cone half-angle of a degree and is specular. However, this phenomenon also resembles the second type of conical emission in that two counterpropagating pumps are required, the pumps are weakly focused, and the emission wavelength is the same as the pumps.
Degenerate conical emissions that appear in laser-pumped atomic sodium have been reported. The cones appear for both single- and double-pump geometries. The nonlinear medium is a small, high-density sodium-seeded flame. Earlier work that relates the cones to the process of degenerate phase conjugation is extended. The analysis for the single-pump phenomenon is formally related to amplified spontaneous emission. The double-pump case is analogous to a distributed-feedback laser. Theory and experiment are presented and discussed.
There Is an ongoing interest in the conical emission resulting from the passage of a laser light tuned in the vicinity of a resonant atomic transition(1–2). We also have observed such emission in high density sodium vapor in the range of 1015 cm−3, when an intense laser radiation is blue detuned with respect to any of the D lines. This conical emission shell has half angle of a few degrees around the laser axis, is red detuned from the respective D line, is spectrally broad (3A) and is obtained in laser intensity and detunings and sodium vapor density ranges where self-focusing occurs. No symmetric blue shifted component was observed. Harter and Boyd(1) have obtained symmetrical Rabi side-band emission in the forward direction at sodium vapor density of 1014 cm−3.