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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Cherenkov emission due to laser-induced moving polarisation in sodium

Ilya Golub, G. Erez, R. Shuker

Published Feb 28, 1986• 48 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Red shifted conical emission induced by a laser blue shifted with respect to the D 2 line of sodium is observed and interpreted in terms of Cherenkov emission. Measured cone angles and wavelength shifts agree well with model calculations taking into account saturation and dispersion effects.
DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/19/4/004

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Conical light emission is observed when an intense quasiresonant laser beam propagates in an atomic vapor.1-4 A parametric four-wave mixing process was suggested to explain this effect.1 However, this model is inconsistent with experiments both quantitatively in the value of the predicted cone angle and qualitatively due to the absence of the obligatory blue counterpart to the red-shifted cone photon.2-4 A model of Cherenkov radiation by a laser-induced moving polarization was proposed to account for the origin and angular/spectral dependencies of the conical emission.3
There Is an ongoing interest in the conical emission resulting from the passage of a laser light tuned in the vicinity of a resonant atomic transition(1–2). We also have observed such emission in high density sodium vapor in the range of 1015 cm−3, when an intense laser radiation is blue detuned with respect to any of the D lines. This conical emission shell has half angle of a few degrees around the laser axis, is red detuned from the respective D line, is spectrally broad (3A) and is obtained in laser intensity and detunings and sodium vapor density ranges where self-focusing occurs. No symmetric blue shifted component was observed. Harter and Boyd(1) have obtained symmetrical Rabi side-band emission in the forward direction at sodium vapor density of 1014 cm−3.
Two types of conical emission in sodium have appeared in the past. In the first, a single tightly focused laser beam is tuned to the blue side of the D1 line in conditions compatible with self-trapping. The emission is specular, has a cone half-angle of a degree, and occurs on the red side of line center. In the second type, two weakly focused counterpropagating laser beams are tuned to the red side of line center. The emission consists of radial filaments, has a cone half-angle of 8°, and is the same wavelength as the pumps. We report on yet a third type of conical emission which is distinct from the first two types by virtue of its spatial and spectral characteristics. Like the first type, the pumps are tuned to the blue side of line center, the emission has a cone half-angle of a degree and is specular. However, this phenomenon also resembles the second type of conical emission in that two counterpropagating pumps are required, the pumps are weakly focused, and the emission wavelength is the same as the pumps.