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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Conical Emission from Sodium Vapor Excited with Femtosecond Light Pulses

Virgilijus Vaičaitis

Published Dec 10, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two distinct types of the cones, red-shifted in respect to the single-photon sodium transition 3S-3P have been registered simultaneously for the pump wavelength tuned between 540 and 585 nm. Parametric four-photon superfluorescence was also detected
DOI
10.1109/qels.2005.1549157

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 1, 1988•34 citations
An experimental and theoretical investigation is made of the angular spectrum of a near-resonant femtosecond laser pulse propagating through sodium vapor. A directional fluorescence emission corresponding to single-photon sodium transition $3S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{1∕2,3∕2}$ has been registered for the pump wavelength ranging from 540to605nm540\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}605\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}540to605nm. It is found that such emission can be detected under the conditions of single-photon (enhanced by two-photon) resonance of pump frequency with relevant atomic states. Theoretical treatment of the field-matter interaction by means of the nonperturbative (semiclassical) approach revealed conical components of the cylindrically symmetric beam spectrum originating both from the fluorescence induced by coherent atomic polarization and four-wave mixing.
Two types of conical emission in sodium have appeared in the past. In the first, a single tightly focused laser beam is tuned to the blue side of the D1 line in conditions compatible with self-trapping. The emission is specular, has a cone half-angle of a degree, and occurs on the red side of line center. In the second type, two weakly focused counterpropagating laser beams are tuned to the red side of line center. The emission consists of radial filaments, has a cone half-angle of 8°, and is the same wavelength as the pumps. We report on yet a third type of conical emission which is distinct from the first two types by virtue of its spatial and spectral characteristics. Like the first type, the pumps are tuned to the blue side of line center, the emission has a cone half-angle of a degree and is specular. However, this phenomenon also resembles the second type of conical emission in that two counterpropagating pumps are required, the pumps are weakly focused, and the emission wavelength is the same as the pumps.