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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Nonlinear optical processes in sodium vapour excited with tunable femtosecond light pulses

Virgilijus Vaičaitis, E. Gaižauskas, T. Lipinskas

Published Jan 18, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents the results of the investigations of nonlinear optical processes in sodium vapour excited with tunable femtosecond light pulses. Efficient four-photon parametric superfluorescence along with the two different types of conical emission from sodium vapor have been demonstrated and analyzed for a wide (over 1200 cm/sup -1/) tuning range of femtosecond pump pulses.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2005.1567265

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This paper presents the results of the investigations of nonlinear optical processes in sodium vapour excited with tunable femtosecond light pulses. Efficient four-photon parametric superfluorescence along with the two different types of conical emission from sodium vapor have been demonstrated and analyzed for a wide (over 1200 cm/sup -1/) tuning range of femtosecond pump pulses.
An experimental and theoretical investigation is made of the angular spectrum of a near-resonant femtosecond laser pulse propagating through sodium vapor. A directional fluorescence emission corresponding to single-photon sodium transition $3S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{1∕2,3∕2}$ has been registered for the pump wavelength ranging from 540to605nm540\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}605\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}540to605nm. It is found that such emission can be detected under the conditions of single-photon (enhanced by two-photon) resonance of pump frequency with relevant atomic states. Theoretical treatment of the field-matter interaction by means of the nonperturbative (semiclassical) approach revealed conical components of the cylindrically symmetric beam spectrum originating both from the fluorescence induced by coherent atomic polarization and four-wave mixing.
The nonlinear response of sodium vapor with a laser tuned near the 4D two-photon resonance is investigated over a large range of sodium concentrations and pump intensities with emphasis on the influence of coherent cancellation effects on the induced polarizations and the primary mechanism for the generation of the new frequencies. Over a wide range of circumstances, the response of the medium is dominated by parametric four-wave mixing as compared to amplified spontaneous emission or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Secondary four-wave-mixing fields are generated by stimulated Raman scattering of one parametric four-wave-mixing field and a coupling of these fields with the driving laser field. A sharp onset of saturation of the parametric four-wave-mixing signals with sodium number density and a transition from a quadratic to a linear power dependence is observed. Both effects are explained in terms of the two-photon cancellation effect.