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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Observation of quantum frequency conversion

Jianming Huang, Prem Kumar

Published Jan 1, 1991• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum frequency conversion,1 a process with which one beam of light can be converted into another of a different frequency while preserving the quantum state, is experimentally demonstrated. An implementation of quantum frequency conversion requires that an input beam to a sum-frequency generator be completely up-converted. One needs to generate a quantum state (e.g., a squeezed state or a twin- beam state) at one frequency and then show that the properties of the same state appear at the up-converted frequency. We have chosen to use nonclassical intensity correlation of the twin beams as the input quantum property because large correlations can be easily obtained by pumping an optical parametric amplifier with a mode-locked and Q-switched laser.2 After one of the twin beams is up-converted, nonclassical intensity correlations appear between the up-converted beam and the remaining twin beam. In our experiment the 1064nm output signal beam of the parametric amplifier, possessing >3 dB nonclassical intensity correlation with the 1064nm output idler beam, is up-converted into a 532nm beam. The 532nm beam shows >2 dB nonclassical correlation with the 1064nm idler beam, demonstrating the quantum frequency conversion process.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1991.pd17

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Quantum frequency conversion,1 a process with which one beam of light can be converted into another of a different frequency while preserving the quantum state, is experimentally demonstrated. An implementation of quantum frequency conversion requires that an input beam to a sum-frequency generator be completely up-converted. One needs to generate a quantum state (e.g., a squeezed state or a twin- beam state) at one frequency and then show that the properties of the same state appear at the up-converted frequency. We have chosen to use nonclassical intensity correlation of the twin beams as the input quantum property because large correlations can be easily obtained by pumping an optical parametric amplifier with a mode-locked and Q-switched laser.2 After one of the twin beams is up-converted, nonclassical intensity correlations appear between the up-converted beam and the remaining twin beam. In our experiment the 1064nm output signal beam of the parametric amplifier, possessing >3 dB nonclassical intensity correlation with the 1064nm output idler beam, is up-converted into a 532nm beam. The 532nm beam shows >2 dB nonclassical correlation with the 1064nm idler beam, demonstrating the quantum frequency conversion process.
Quantum frequency conversion, a process with which an input beam of light can be converted into an output beam of a different frequency while preserving the quantum state, is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Nonclassical intensity correlation (\ensuremath{\simeq}3 dB) between two beams at 1064 nm is used as the input quantum property. When the frequency of one of the beams is converted from 1064 to 532 nm, nonclassical intensity correlations (\ensuremath{\simeq}1.5 dB) appear between the up-converted beam and the remaining beam. Our measurements are in excellent agreement with the quantum theory of frequency conversion. The development of tunable sources of novel quantum light states seems possible.
Quantum-correlated twin beams were successfully generated from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a frequency-doubled diode laser. The 50-mW diode laser output at 1080 nm was first converted to 22.5-mW green light, and then was used to pump an OPO to yield signal and idler beams with a total power of 5 mW. Noise reduction of 4.3 dB below the shot-noise level was observed in the intensity-difference spectrum. The setup opens a simple way to a compact and low-cost source of diverse nonclassical states of light.
The signal and idler beams from a non-degenerate, above threshold, optical parametric oscillator have a strong quantum correlation, which are called twin beams. This correlation arises from the simultaneous generation of the signal and idler photons in the form of twin pairs of photons through the parametric down conversion, and the generated twin beams have exactly the same photon statistics. As a result, the fluctuations on the difference between the intensities of the twin beams are reduced with respect to the shot noise limit, that is, intensity-difference squeezing. We give a comprehensive overview of the generation of twin beams using the optical parametric oscillator, and the applications exploiting the quantum correlation of twin beams are presented.
Quantum frequency conversion, the process of shifting the frequency of an optical quantum state while preserving quantum coherence, can be used to produce non-classical light at otherwise unapproachable wavelengths. We present experimental results based on highly efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a vacuum squeezed state at 1064 nm and a tunable pump source at 850 nm ± 50 nm for the generation of bright squeezed light at 472 nm ± 4 nm, currently limited by the phase-matching of the used nonlinear crystal. We demonstrate that the SFG process conserves part of the quantum coherence as a 4.2(±0.2) dB 1064 nm vacuum squeezed state is converted to a 1.6(±0.2) dB tunable bright blue squeezed state. We furthermore demonstrate simultaneous frequency- and spatial-mode conversion of the 1064-nm vacuum squeezed state, and measure 1.1(±0.2) dB and 0.4(±0.2) dB of squeezing in the TEM01 and TEM02 modes, respectively. With further development, we foresee that the source may find use within fields such as sensing, metrology, spectroscopy, and imaging.