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Optics Express

Quantum frequency conversion of vacuum squeezed light to bright tunable blue squeezed light and higher-order spatial modes

Hugo Kerdoncuff, Jesper B. Christensen, Mikael Lassen

Published Aug 25, 2021• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum frequency conversion, the process of shifting the frequency of an optical quantum state while preserving quantum coherence, can be used to produce non-classical light at otherwise unapproachable wavelengths. We present experimental results based on highly efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a vacuum squeezed state at 1064 nm and a tunable pump source at 850 nm ± 50 nm for the generation of bright squeezed light at 472 nm ± 4 nm, currently limited by the phase-matching of the used nonlinear crystal. We demonstrate that the SFG process conserves part of the quantum coherence as a 4.2(±0.2) dB 1064 nm vacuum squeezed state is converted to a 1.6(±0.2) dB tunable bright blue squeezed state. We furthermore demonstrate simultaneous frequency- and spatial-mode conversion of the 1064-nm vacuum squeezed state, and measure 1.1(±0.2) dB and 0.4(±0.2) dB of squeezing in the TEM01 and TEM02 modes, respectively. With further development, we foresee that the source may find use within fields such as sensing, metrology, spectroscopy, and imaging.

DOI
10.1364/oe.436325

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Quantum frequency conversion, the process of shifting the frequency of an optical quantum state while preserving quantum coherence, can be used to produce non-classical light at otherwise unapproachable wavelengths. We present experimental results based on highly efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a vacuum squeezed state at 1064 nm and a tunable pump source at 850 nm ± 50 nm for the generation of bright squeezed light at 472 nm ± 4 nm, currently limited by the phase-matching of the used nonlinear crystal. We demonstrate that the SFG process conserves part of the quantum coherence as a 4.2(±0.2) dB 1064 nm vacuum squeezed state is converted to a 1.6(±0.2) dB tunable bright blue squeezed state. We furthermore demonstrate simultaneous frequency- and spatial-mode conversion of the 1064-nm vacuum squeezed state, and measure 1.1(±0.2) dB and 0.4(±0.2) dB of squeezing in the TEM01 and TEM02 modes, respectively. With further development, we foresee that the source may find use within fields such as sensing, metrology, spectroscopy, and imaging.
Quantum frequency conversion, the process of shifting the frequency of an optical quantum state while preserving quantum coherence, can be used to produce non-classical light at otherwise unapproachable wavelengths. We present experimental results based on highly efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a vacuum squeezed state at 1064 nm and a tunable pump source at 850 nm ±\pm± 50 nm for the generation of bright squeezed light at 472~nm ±\pm± 4~nm, currently limited by the phase-matching of the used nonlinear crystal. We demonstrate that the SFG process conserves part of the quantum coherence as a 4.2(±0.2\pm0.2±0.2)~dB 1064 nm vacuum squeezed state is converted to a 1.6($\pm0.2) dBtunablebrightbluesqueezedstate.Wefurthermoredemonstratesimultaneousfrequency−andspatial−modeconversionofthe1064−nmvacuumsqueezedstate,andmeasure1.1(0.2)~dB tunable bright blue squeezed state. We furthermore demonstrate simultaneous frequency- and spatial-mode conversion of the 1064-nm vacuum squeezed state, and measure 1.1(0.2) dBtunablebrightbluesqueezedstate.Wefurthermoredemonstratesimultaneousfrequency−andspatial−modeconversionofthe1064−nmvacuumsqueezedstate,andmeasure1.1(\pm0.2) dBand0.4(0.2)~dB and 0.4(0.2) dBand0.4(\pm0.2) dBofsqueezingintheTEM0.2)~dB of squeezing in the TEM0.2) dBofsqueezingintheTEM_{01}$ and TEM02_{02}02​ modes, respectively. With further development, we foresee that the source may find use within fields such as sensing, metrology, spectroscopy, and imaging.
Quantum frequency conversion, the process of shifting the frequency of an optical quantum state while preserving quantum coherence, can be used to produce non-classical light at otherwise unapproachable wavelengths. We present experimental results based on highly efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a vacuum squeezed state at 1064 nm and a tunable pump source at 850 nm ± 50 nm for the generation of bright squeezed light at 472 nm ± 4 nm. We demonstrate that the SFG process conserves part of the quantum coherence as a 4.2(±0.2) dB 1064 nm vacuum squeezed state is converted to a 1.6(±0.2) dB tunable bright blue squeezed state.
We demonstrate experimentally the quantum frequency down-conversion of a bright amplitude-squeezed optical field via a high efficiency difference frequency generation process. 532 nm amplitude-squeezed light with squeezing of 1.0 dB is successfully translated to 810 nm amplitude-squeezed light with squeezing of 0.8 dB. The effects of amplitude and phase fluctuations of the pump field on the frequency conversion are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the quantum frequency down-conversion is insensitive to small amplitude fluctuations of the pump field at the optimal conversion point. However, the phase fluctuations of the pump field can lead to increase of noise in the phase quadrature of the down-converted field. To eliminate the additive phase noise, a dual frequency down-converter which utilizing common pump field is proposed and demonstrated.
Squeezed vacuum states constitute a particularly useful resource in quantum information as well as in quantum metrology. The frequency conversion of these states is important to provide the bridge between different wavelengths within a sequence of downstream applications and also to provide a way for squeezed-state generation at so-far inaccessible wavelengths. Here we demonstrate the external quantum up-conversion of carrier-light-free squeezed vacuum states for the first time. Our result proves that nondegenerate sum-frequency generation preserves the coherences that are present between photon pairs and higher-order photon pairs of the squeezed input state.
Quantum metrology utilizes nonclassical states to improve the precision of measurement devices. In this context, strongly squeezed vacuum states of light have proven to be a useful resource. They are typically produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, but have not been generated at shorter wavelengths so far, as suitable nonlinear materials do not exist. Here, we report on the generation of strongly squeezed vacuum states at 532 nm with 5.5 dB noise suppression by means of frequency up-conversion from the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. The up-converted states are employed in a model Mach-Zehnder interferometer to illustrate their use in quantum metrology.
Both vacuum-squeezed and bright amplitude-squeezed states of light are experimentally generated from a frequency doubler with a semimonolithic Fabry-Perot configuration consisting of a type II nonlinear crystal and a concave mirror. Vacuum squeezing of 3.2 +/- 0.1 dB and amplitude squeezing of 1.3 +/- 0.2 dB are obtained simultaneously at a pump power of 8 mW. The two quadrature-squeezed optical fields that are generated are of identical frequency at 1080-nm wavelength and orthogonal polarization. Optimizing the input pump power by 19 mW yields as much as 5.0 +/- 0.2 dB of maximum vacuum squeezing. The advantages of the system are its simplicity and multiple utility.