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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Acousto-optical bistability in the second Bragg regime

Mark D. McNeill, Ting‐Chung Poon

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Previous research with acousto-optic hybrid optical/electronic (HOE) bistable devices has been directed towards operation in the first Bragg regime.1 We have demonstrated several simulations and experiments to study a HOE bistable system in the second Bragg regime. In this bistable system, the acousto-optic device operates in the second order with the light incident at twice the Bragg angle. To achieve optical bistability, the second order diffracted light is detected by a photodetector, amplified with a linear amplifier, summed with a bias voltage, and feedback to the acousto-optic device. The operation of the acousto-optic device can be explained by a set of coupled differential equations. Likewise, the feedback loop can be modeled with a feedback equation. The simultaneous solution of these equations provided our theoretical model. In this talk, we will compare theoretical and experimental results, as well as compare first order and second order operation.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1992.wq4

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Previous research with acousto-optic hybrid optical/electronic (HOE) bistable devices has been directed towards operation in the first Bragg regime.1 We have demonstrated several simulations and experiments to study a HOE bistable system in the second Bragg regime. In this bistable system, the acousto-optic device operates in the second order with the light incident at twice the Bragg angle. To achieve optical bistability, the second order diffracted light is detected by a photodetector, amplified with a linear amplifier, summed with a bias voltage, and feedback to the acousto-optic device. The operation of the acousto-optic device can be explained by a set of coupled differential equations. Likewise, the feedback loop can be modeled with a feedback equation. The simultaneous solution of these equations provided our theoretical model. In this talk, we will compare theoretical and experimental results, as well as compare first order and second order operation.
Over the past decade, research with acoustooptic hybrid bistable devices has been primarily concerned with operation in the first Bragg regime involving two to four diffracted orders. In this paper, a model that includes both acoustooptic diffraction and nonlinear feedback will be used to investigate optical bistability in the second Bragg regime. In addition, theoretical simulations will be used to compare this system with an identical system operating in the first Bragg regime. Theoretical and experimental results will be presented.
From the frequency dependence of the optical transmission characteristics of Raman-Nath acoustic-optic diffraction, the dynamic equations and steady-state solutions of a two-dimensional Raman-Nath acousto-optic bistable system are derived. In this system, feedback is realized by use of a diffracted light beam to control the frequency of the acoustic-optic driver. The curves of light output versus input corresponding to several orders of the diffracted beams are obtained by theoretical analysis. They can all lead to bistability. The amount of hysteresis is a function of the order of the diffracted beam, the bias frequency, and the feedback coefficient. Experimental results are presented and compared with theoretical analyses.
In the last chapter, we examined the effect of cubic nonlinearity on selfrefraction of an optical beam. We have also seen that the presence of a quadratic nonlinearity can also contribute to change in the profile of a Gaussian beam in a crystal. In this chapter we will see how the effect of nonlinearity, alongwith the proper feedback, can give rise to optical bistability and hysteresis. This is not unexpected as hysteresis and bistability are also observed in nonlinear electronic circuits with feedback, such as in the Schmitt trigger, as well as in hybrid optical devices, such as an acoustooptic device with feedback (Banerjee and Poon, 1991). In what follows, we will examine two different types of optically bistable devices based on optical nonlinearities. The first is a nonlinear ring resonator comprising a two-level gain medium as the nonlinear element. We will treat both absorptive and dispersive bistability. Absorptive bistability is the case when the incident optical frequency is close to or equal to the transition frequency of the atoms from one level to another. In this case, the absorption coefficient becomes a nonlinear function of the incident intensity. On the other hand, if the frequencies are far apart, the medium behaves like a Kerr-type material and the system exhibits what is called dispersive bistability. In this case the material can be modeled by an effective n2 or v (3), meaning that the refractive index becomes a nonlinear function of the optical intensity. The second configurationwewill examine is a linear-nonlinear interface. In this case, the interface provides the feedback due to refractive index mismatch. In fact, the reflection coefficient (as well as the transmission coefficient) is modified due to the nonlinearity, which, as we shall see later, is responsible for demonstrating optical switching and bistability.
In this paper we report for the first time the presence of bistability in an acoustic-optic tunable filter (AOTF) operating with ultrashort (2 ps) optical light pulses. The results for the study of bistability has shown the dependence of the hysteresis curve with the product of the coupling constant (κ) by the length of the device (ξL) and the conversion power-coupling constant factor (G). The range of bistability varies significantly with both G and with κξL parameters. The variation of κξL directly increases the size of the range of bistability hysteresis while the increase in G causes the bistability to occur at low powers. The phenomenon of optical bistability (OB) is the object of increasing interest due to its possibilities for important device applications. A bistable device is a device with a capability to generate two different outputs for a given input and the physical requirements for this are an intensity-dependence refractive index and an optical feedback mechanism.